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Aadizookewinini : an exploration of the impacts of colonization on N'bisiing through storytelling
(2023) Lozicki Paulin, Megan; Dokis, Carly; Faculty of Arts and Science
By continuing to harvest and use traditional art making materials, how is this thesis Indigenous community arts and performance educating the broader community on environmental issues and how have harvesters had to adapt to changes within their environment. I have witnessed traditional Indigenous art making contribute to healing trauma from colonization and resource exploitation on a personal and communal level extending to the lands and water and aid in their protection. I also explore how do we share this knowledge respectfully and responsibly. By investigating the story of Nipissing’s Serpent People with Indigenous-based multi-arts company Aanmitaagzi, a process of community engagement, multi-disciplinary research, and Indigenous methodologies has helped to retell the history of Lake Nipissing; one that involves the mining of a sacred site, industrial contamination of waters ways, human transformation, natural law, and a call to action against climate change and resource exploitation. Through movement, dance, theatre, visual arts, architecture, sound and installation, these traditional forms of storytelling offered an interactive public performance space to not only share stories and knowledge from both Indigenous and Settler community members, but also offered an attempt at reconciliation with the lands and waters.
THE ACADEMIC JOURNEY OF STUDENTS WITH CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS : narratives from daughters and their mothers
(Nipissing University, Faculty of Education, 2010-08) Wideman-Johnston, Taunya; McCabe, Mike; Nipissing University, Faculty of Education
Children and adolescents surviving illnesses, increases in outpatient care, and continuous technological advancements as compared to past decades are giving students with chronic illness further opportunities to attend mainstream schools. The rising integration of students with chronic illness into the school setting requires educators to aptly accommodate students while the students pursue their academic journeys. The research involves 3 case studies portraying students with a chronic gastrointestinal illness, Diffuse Irritable Gastrointestinal Tract Syndrome (DIGITS). In each case, the student and her mother were interviewed separately. These interviews were focused on the students with a chronic illness and their parents' perceptions of the students' educational experiences. Implications arising from the study highlight how educators can recognize the perspectives of students with a chronic illness to adapt the school environment with increased opportunities for these students to be integrated into mainstream schooling and achieve their academic goals.
An accident, time out, and a curriculum revival : renewed visions of living and learning using narratives of experience, poetic inquiry, and art-based research
(Nipissing University, Faculty of Education, 2018-12) Adams, Jeff; Shields, Carmen; Nipissing University, Faculty of Education
This narrative inquiry self-study focuses on my experience of sustaining a severe head injury and making my way back to a new normal life over a 2 to 3-year period. As is the case in self-study research, it is a personal tale that contributes one person's experience to the body of work on sustaining and recovering from a head injury and how the effects of head injury are perceived and felt personally and professionally over time. I use Connelly and Clandinin's (1994)definition of curriculum as being comprised of all of life's experience and their narrative framework for placing experience across time to ground my study. In my text, I share stories of situations and events that offer insights into sustaining a head injury and living through periods of recovery where I spent many months at home unable to fully process or engage in the life going on around me. I describe my gradual return to family, friends, research, and teaching after a 20-month absence when, even then, I had trouble coping with the effects of my head injury .Along with the stories of experience that form part of my text, I also include poems and visual art pieces that extend the story into the emotional realm I inhabited during this time. These works were completed both prior to and during this time period. I use these methods, as they are central to my work as a narrative and poetic inquirer and an art-based researcher. By focusing my study on this particular time in my life, I hope to bring clarity to my own understanding of the extent of changes sustaining a head injury has had on my life and those of my family. At the same time, I believe my study offers an example of one person's experience of head injury to others who seek to comprehend the effects of head injury beyond statistical accounts and summations. I believe this study will be of use to professionals who teach, support, counsel, and help rehabilitate those who live with an acquired head injury.
Acoustic monitoring of bird community composition in emerald ash borer damaged and at risk Southern Ontario forests
(Nipissing University, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2017-07) Ehnes, Mandy; Dech, Jeff; Foote, Jennifer; Nipissing University, Faculty of Arts and Science
The invasive beetle Emerald ash-borer (EAB), is killing North American ash trees, and the subsequent loss of canopy could change avian community composition. Birds are vulnerable to canopy alteration and their vocal behaviour, integral to social systems, indicate consequences of habitat change. I recorded bird vocalizations to characterize community composition and investigated current and potential influences of EAB canopy damage. In chapter 1, I examined recordings in Oakville, Ontario, where ash morality has reached 98%. With unmanned aerial vehicle acquired images and pixel-based analysis, I measured canopy cover in plots with ash mortality or no ash mortality. Species richness was similar, however, when separating species by foraging substrate, I found a significantly larger proportion of bark foragers representing the community in ash mortality plots. In York Region, Ontario forests, I detected minimal canopy damage and similar avian community composition across forests varying in ash components. Avian communities are influenced by EAB, with a higher proportion of bark foragers in forests with ash morality. In chapter 2, I characterized optimal sampling schedules for avian communities in forests susceptible to EAB. I recorded 14 plots for 48 hrs in May (before ash flush) and again in June (during EAB forestry work). Among earlier recordings, community composition was similar in ash stands. Species detections were significantly higher in May. In June, significantly fewer migrant species were detected as were members of most feeding/foraging guilds compared to May. With more detections in spring, my research emphasizes early sampling in the breeding season and offers a potential protocol for continued monitoring of EAB and the response of birds.
The additivity of crossing number with respect to the composition of knots
(2010-08) Grandy, Jason
This paper will investigate the additivity of the crossing number with respect to the composition of knots. The additivity of the crossing number is a long standing conjecture. The paper presents proofs of this conjecture for alternating knots and torus knots. For alternating knots, the paper uses the Jones Polynomial to show the alternating diagram has minimal degree, and proves the composition of two alternating knots is another alternating knot. For torus knots, the paper’s main ingredient is a closed form equality for the crossing number involving the braid index and genus of the knot. We then show the additivity under composition of these components of the formula to prove the additivity of the crossing number.
ADJUSTING TO BOARDING IN AN INTERNATIONAL BOARDING SCHOOL : a grounded theory research study
(Nipissing University, Faculty of Education, 2016-05-12) Howard, W. Alan; Barnett, Jennifer; Nipissing University, Faculty of Education
Despite the long and storied history of boarding schools throughout the world little research has been conducted to establish effective practices for living in such residences. This grounded theory research study, developed through interviews with five alumni of an international boarding school in north India using an attachment theory lens, answers the question, What is the process of adjusting to life in residence for students in an international boarding school? The study postulates that the adjustment process is cyclical in nature whereby at the commencement of boarding a student undergoes culture shock. The degree of shock is influenced by a variety of intervening and contextual conditions. To cope with this shock the new boarder seeks belonging and protection through peer bonds. The many and various transitions experienced throughout one?s time in boarding result in repeated culture shocks with the consequence that adjustment to boarding is an open-ended, recurrent activity.
Admirals dream of big ships : the RCN procurement debate, 1944-45
(2023-04) Andrews-Simons, Devon
The Second World War (1939-1945) defined the Royal Canadian Navy as a fighting force. The fight against the U-Boats in the Atlantic influenced the ships that the naval service operated and the role that Canada and its navy would take in future conflicts and alliances. Despite the influence of wartime activities, this role was not set in stone. During the latter half of the Second World War (1943-45), the naval staff officers who were commanding the navy undertook efforts to equip Canada with ships that would allow them to operate outside of the support role that they were filling in the contemporary conflict. These efforts would conflict with the internal and international goals of the Federal government under Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. I argue that the staff officers of the RCN, influenced by their training and the earlier history of the naval service, acted to prepare Canada for future conflicts with these modern ships which placed them at odds with the federal government whose primary concerns were the contemporary military/political circumstances and the foreseeable end of the war. This project examines the history of the relationship between the government and RCN and how the goals/desires of both sides shaped the debate from 1944-45.
Age-related changes in relationships between spatiotemporal and kinematic domains during treadmill gait
(2023) Carswell, Hunter; Schinkel-Ivy, Alison; School of Physical and Health Education
Changes in spatiotemporal and range of motion parameters with aging have been well quantified. However, the relationships between these two domains have not been extensively studied. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify age-related changes in relationships between spatiotemporal and kinematic domains during treadmill gait. A motion capture system tracked 60 participants, aged 20-80 years old, while they walked at normal and slow speeds on a treadmill. Spatiotemporal parameters (step length, width, time, and velocity) and ranges of motion (ankle, knee, hip, pelvis, and trunk) were extracted from 50 steps at each speed. Mixed effects models were used to quantify relationships between pairings of spatiotemporal and joint/segment ROM measures. Effects of both age and ROM individually were found for some spatiotemporal parameters, while significant age-by-ROM interaction effects were observed for step length and step velocity. These results contribute to our understanding of how spatiotemporal parameters are regulated in older adults, and may also provide insight into aspects of gait to target for assessment of gait function in older adults.
Agricultural Promotion and Apiculture in Ontario, 1880-1910
(2013) Thompson, Jennifer Rose
This paper serves to provide a case study on agricultural promotion in Ontario during the shift from wheat to cheese in agriculture. The paper explores the rise of scientific agriculture, the dairy industry, and the various groups that played a role in promoting agriculture. The second chapter is devoted entirely to D.A. Jones, the "Bee King" of Canada, telling the story of his life and the role that he played in promoting apiculture in Canada.
AGRICULTURAL PROMOTION AND APICULTURE IN ONTARIO, 1880-1910
(Nipissing University, Faculty of Arts & Science, 2013) Thompson, Jennifer Rose; Murton, James; Nipissing University, Faculty of Arts and Science
This paper serves to provide a case study on agricultural promotion in Ontario during the shift from wheat to cheese in agriculture. The paper explores the rise of scientific agriculture, the dairy industry, and the various groups that played a role in promoting agriculture. The second chapter is devoted entirely to D.A. Jones, the "Bee King" of Canada, telling the story of his life and the role that he played in promoting apiculture in Canada.
ALAN FREETH COVENTRY (1888-1973) : science, power, and nature in Temagami, Ontario, during the interwar period
(Nipissing University, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2016-08) Dubeau, Zachary; Greer, Kristen; Nipissing University, Faculty of Arts and Science
This MRP examines the work of an Oxford-trained zoologist, Alan Freeth Coventry (1888-1973), in the context of Temagami, Ontario during the interwar period (1918-1939). The purpose of this study is to understand the role of natural sciences in creating a geographical imagination of Northern Ontario. Although natural scientists are often presented as objective and neutral observers of natural phenomenon, examining the fieldwork of an individual scientist demonstrates that the production, circulation, and consumption of scientific knowledge is shaped by numerous human and non-human factors. Coventry?s methods and perspectives relating to his work assessing the small mammal populations in Temagami were influenced by his education, contemporary scientific culture, socio-political conditions and his connection to the physical landscape of the region. To understand Coventry?s scientific practices, I examined his research notes, sketches, photographs, publications, and lectures from the University of Toronto Archives. I argue that Coventry presented a geographical imagination of Temagami as a northern, pristine site for science, tourism, and resource development, while ignoring other conceptions of the region, particularly as a homeland for the Teme-Augama Anishnabai. Through his publications, lectures and involvement with the Federation of Ontario Naturalists (FON), Coventry used his work in Temagami to push his vision of conservation and economic development schemes for Ontario as well as Canada. With the help of the FON, Coventry?s ideas were successfully implemented through the establishment of wilderness sanctuaries in Algonquin Park and Point Pele National Park. Alan Coventry?s work demonstrates the relationship between knowledge, power and space within a particular geographic location.
ALAN FREETH COVENTRY (1888-1973) : science, power, and nature in Temagami, Ontario, during the interwar period
(2016-08) Dubeau, Zachary
This MRP examines the work of an Oxford-trained zoologist, Alan Freeth Coventry (1888-1973), in the context of Temagami, Ontario during the interwar period (1918-1939). The purpose of this study is to understand the role of natural sciences in creating a geographical imagination of Northern Ontario. Although natural scientists are often presented as objective and neutral observers of natural phenomenon, examining the fieldwork of an individual scientist demonstrates that the production, circulation, and consumption of scientific knowledge is shaped by numerous human and non-human factors. Coventry?s methods and perspectives relating to his work assessing the small mammal populations in Temagami were influenced by his education, contemporary scientific culture, socio-political conditions and his connection to the physical landscape of the region. To understand Coventry?s scientific practices, I examined his research notes, sketches, photographs, publications, and lectures from the University of Toronto Archives. I argue that Coventry presented a geographical imagination of Temagami as a northern, pristine site for science, tourism, and resource development, while ignoring other conceptions of the region, particularly as a homeland for the Teme-Augama Anishnabai. Through his publications, lectures and involvement with the Federation of Ontario Naturalists (FON), Coventry used his work in Temagami to push his vision of conservation and economic development schemes for Ontario as well as Canada. With the help of the FON, Coventry?s ideas were successfully implemented through the establishment of wilderness sanctuaries in Algonquin Park and Point Pele National Park. Alan Coventry?s work demonstrates the relationship between knowledge, power and space within a particular geographic location.
AN ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED SAFETY IN THE BUILT AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF AN EDUCATIONAL FACILITY
(Nipissing University, Faculty of Education, 2010-08) Hendy, Robert David James; Jarvis, Daniel; Nipissing University, Faculty of Education
University and college campuses are, in essence, a "perfect storm" for motivated offenders. Due to a campus' lack of guardianship, ease of unrestricted site access, and readily available pool of potential victims, administration must attend to the safety concerns of all campus members. This thesis reports on a research study conducted to test the efficacy of a predictive model for assessing site-specific campus safety. A 56-item online survey was distributed to all members of the Pendleton University population. Three hundred and fourteen full-time equivalent students, staff, and faculty members completed the questionnaire. The findings indicated that, while the campus was perceived as a relatively safe location, avoidance behaviour was being exhibited by a large proportion of the campus community. Upon further analysis, using the Traditional Fear Index (TFI) and the Extended Fear Index (EFI), eleven individual sites across the Pendleton campus were examined with regards to a number of proximate environmental and social variables. Using linear regression, it was revealed that the EFI with the addition of traffic as a variable was the most significant predictor of perceptions of safety.
An analysis of the challenges facing Trinidad and Tobago in decarbonization
(2024) Maitland, Jason
Trinidad and Tobago is a Small Island Development State in the southern Caribbean. This twin island republic has an economy which is predominantly fossil fuel driven. Like many countries, Trinidad and Tobago has been impacted by the effects of climate change and is seeking to reduce its carbon emissions. In this regard, Trinidad and Tobago has identified and submitted its Nationally Determined Contributions which consists of a 15% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions for electrical energy generation and industry sectors and a 16% reduction for the transport sector. Notwithstanding this, Trinidad and Tobago’s decarbonization processes appear to be stalled. The country has produced over twelve documents which should have well positioned it to have made significant progress on decarbonization, but this has not been the case. This research analyzed twelve documents produced by the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GORTT) to identify primary barriers to decarbonization. This demonstrated Trinidad and Tobago faces several challenges, the primary ones being political and economic, but there are also challenges relating to social, technological, legal and environmental fields. To safeguard its people, I argue the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago needs to demonstrate leadership to move the country from its position of inaction to one where renewable energy is embraced.
Analytical study coupling partial differential equations using Green's function method with numerical validation: photo thermal response of a multilayer structure
(2023) Pulford, Megan; Hatef, Ali; Faculty of Arts and Science
In this thesis, an analytical study is determined through a multiphysics problem to solve for the photothermal response of a one-dimensional multilayer nanostructure containing a layer doped with Smart Nanoshells (SNS) by coupling the electromagnetic and thermodynamic equations. The SNS consists of a gold (Au) shell and a core of the phase change material (PCM) vanadium dioxide (VO2), where the core transitions from a semiconductor state to a conductor state at the critical temperature of 68˚C. This behaviour results in thermal induced optical tunability through this reversible phase change of the VO2, due to the temperature dependent optical and thermal properties. This layer that is doped with SNS is approximated as an effective medium using Maxwell-Garnett Theory to allow for an analytical solution. In this work, the optical response of the multilayer nanostructure is determined through the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and the thermal response of the stationary and transient states is solved with Green’s Function Method and Kirchhoff’s Transformation. These equations are coupled together by the continuous wave (CW) laser that is introduced to the multilayer structure, as this is also the heat source. The solutions found through this analytical study will show that at the wavelengths of 658 nm and 737 nm, there will be two distinct photothermal responses due to the phase change of the SNS core, where the absorption of light will increase and decrease for these two wavelengths respectively. Not only does this analytical method have many potential applications such as for solar cells and photothermal therapy, but this method provides a comprehensive study of the photothermal response of these applications.
Analyzing the performance of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) within wildlife conservancies in the Maasai Mara and Northern Rangelands of Regions of Kenya
(2024) Babu, Iddi
Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is a form of natural resource management where, in theory, local communities are given more control of how to manage and distribute the benefits of natural resources in their communities. CBNRM has been applied in different regions and contexts, however it is generally perceived by policy makers as an alternative to previous, top-down resource management approaches. What are the key challenges faced by group conservancies in the Maasai Mara Region and community conservancies in Northern Rangelands of Kenya? How does the local context (e.g., governance structures and historical context) contribute to these challenges? What are the socio-economic impacts of CBNRM on local communities? How have conservancies responded to these challenges and what is the way forward? As I explore these questions, I will also identify the similarities and differences between group and community conservancies in the two study areas.
Application of high frequency surrogate modeling of instream chloride to improve understanding of chloride mobilization in cottage country, Ontario
(2022) Yang, Yinan; James, April; Wachowiak, Mark; Faculty of Arts and Science
Estimating Chloride (Cl) concentration and loading in streams is important to the management of salt application especially in cold regions with sub-zero temperature in winter. Traditional Cl monitoring is based on lab analysis of instream samples collected on a weekly or biweekly basis. However, this method is too coarse in temporal resolution to evaluate acute (less than 96 hours; CCME, 2011) water quality. This project examines the relationship between instream specific conductivity (SC) and Cl concentration, builds SC-Cl surrogate models, and evaluates Cl mobilization for Precambrian shield catchments located in south-central Ontario, Canada. Cl concentration in the catchments in the Muskoka watershed monitored by Dorset Environmental Science Center (DESC) since the 1970s, appear to never exceed the Canadian water quality guidelines. However, with various Cl-introducing salt applications on cottages roads (e.g. road salt, dust suppressant), Cl may accumulate in soils and groundwater in and around road crossings, and can be mobilized into streams and could contribute to concern in the future for downstream aquatic systems. For the DESC-monitored catchments, streamflow water chemistry (weekly to biweekly) samples and local meteorological data has been recorded since 1976. Starting in 2011, 10-min interval observations of temperature, precipitation, SC and discharge are available. In this study, a SC-Cl surrogate modeling approach is used to build relationships between instream SC and Cl concentration for four of the catchments. Models are then used to generate high frequency (10-min) instream Cl concentration and loading, improving the temporal resolution of Cl loading estimation compared with traditional estimation based on linear interpolation of weekly or bi-weekly field samples. For one of the four catchments (DE6), the new high frequency instream Cl estimates are used to investigate Cl mobilization by using computational functions of autocorrelation (ACF), cross-correlation (CCF), continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and wavelet transform coherence (WTC). High frequency data results in large differences in the estimation of Cl loading especially for the month of April when large temperature differences between day and night promote daytime melt on roadways. Changes in discharge can play both a concentration effect and dilution effect on instream Cl concentration. While most previous studies focus on study of instream Cl in urban regions, this study demonstrates that application of SC-Cl models are feasible in rural region with low instream Cl concentration.
The application of hyperspectral remote sensing for crop separability and for monitoring crop biophysical parameters : a case study of the West Nipissing Agricultural zone
(Nipissing University, Faculty of Arts & Science, 2013) Wilson, Jeffrey H.; Kovacs, John M.; Nipissing University, Faculty of Arts and Science
The use of non-destructive methods of gathering important agricultural information has become increasingly desirable in the last decade. Studies suggest that hyperspectral remote sensing provides a highly accurate, non-destructive and cost efficient way of monitoring crop biophysical parameters. The purpose of this dissertation is two-fold; first to determine what hyperspectral vegetation indices (VI) are best at predicting leaf area index (LAI) measured using an AccuPAR LP-80 Ceptometer, and chlorophyll content index (CCI) measured using an OPTI-SCIENCES CCM-200 chlorophyll content meter, within the 325 ? 1075 nanometer (nm) range, for five cash crops commonly grown in northeastern Ontario, Canada. Second, to determine what hyperspectral narrow wavebands are best at distinguishing between the same five local cash crops within the 400 ? 900 nm range. The study took place over a twelve week period starting on July 7, 2011 and ending on September 21, 2011. Data were collected from ten different fields that included two of each of the following crop types; soybean (Glycine max), canola (Brassica napus L.), wheat (Triticum spp.), oats (Avena sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Regression analysis (linear and exponential) was used to analyze the data collected for the LAI and CCI investigation. Stepwise discriminant analysis and bivariate correlations were used to assess the spectral separability between the crop types. The results indicate that hyperspectral reflectance data captured using a handheld device can be used to effectively predict CCI and LAI for all crops and that the top performing VIs for prediction are location and crop specific. Moreover, hyperspectral reflectance data (400 - 900 nm) can be used to effectively distinguish between the five commonly grown cash crops in this study at almost any point during the growing season. However, the optimal time for satellite image acquisition was determined to be in late July or approximately 75-79 days after planting with the optimal wavebands located in the red-edge, green and NIR regions of the spectrum. The results of this study will help improve our knowledge of precision agriculture activities in northeastern Ontario with the ultimate goal of improving crop productivity while limiting costs and impacts on the environment.
Applying a hydrologic classification approach to low gradient boreal watersheds
(Nipissing University, Faculty of Arts & Science, 2017-03) Rundle Germain, Brittany; James, April; Branfireun, Brian; Nipissing University, Faculty of Arts and Science
The Attawapiskat River catchment makes up a ~57,000 km2 area in Ontario?s Far North extending from Precambrian Shield headwaters through the Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) ecozone to the coast. The region is peatland dominated and the low gradient, large expanses require further analysis and study to address uncertainties about their variations in hydrologic response. Recent hydrologic or catchment classification studies aim to assess broad-scale hydrologic systems in terms of smaller ?building blocks? to help develop hypotheses of how hydrologic systems function within specific terrains, but few if any have focused on low gradient peatland dominated systems. This study applies Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to representative catchments within the HBL ecozone, the Boreal Shield and the transition between the two in the Attawapiskat River watershed to assess hydrologic similarity based on physical, climatic and hydrologic characteristics. Different assessments of hydrologic similarity between catchments were made based on the combination of metrics/characteristics included in seven scenarios. Physical and terrain-based characteristics grouped catchments by physiographic region (HBL, transition zone and Shield), while hydrologic characteristics (i.e. tracer and flow-based metrics) grouped catchments both by physiographic region and partly by groundwater influence. Physical and terrain-based characteristics were found to exhibit the most control on the PC-space while hydrologic characteristics provided additionally important details about source water contributions to overall catchment hydrology. This study illustrates the importance of tracer-based/flow metrics in hydrologic similarity analyses.
Armchair anti-semites : a history of the institute for historical review
(2015-04) Polesky, Jamie
This Major Research Paper (MRP) explores the history of Holocaust denial through the US denial organization, the Institute for Historical Review (IHR). It examines from where denial emerged, how the institute formed in the United States, and the individual motivations that encouraged IHR members to join the institute. It also comments on how Middle Eastern anti-Zionists have embraced the IHR?s ideas and methods. Using the IHR as an example, this MRP uses a social profile examining key members? dates of birth, countries of birth, occupation, education, and political affiliations in order to compare and contrast their social backgrounds. The profile also provides insight into the discussion of denier motivation. Ultimately this paper argues that while situated in the US, the IHR represents a culmination of a history of antisemitism and Holocaust denial that began in Europe, and is now moving to receptive Middle Eastern audiences.

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