2016
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1807/71208
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Impaired handgrip exercise-induced brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in young obese males(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-01-09) Slattery, David J.; Stuckless, Troy J.R.; King, Trevor J.; Pyke, Kyra E.PURPOSE: Flow mediated dilation (FMD) stimulated by different shear stress stimulus profiles may recruit distinct transduction mechanisms, and provide distinct information regarding endothelial function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether obesity influences brachial artery FMD differently depending on the shear stress profile used for FMD assessment. METHODS: The FMD response to a brief, intermediate and sustained shear stress profile was assessed in obese (n=9) and lean (n=19) young men as follows: Brief stimulus- standard reactive hyperemia (RH) following a 5 min forearm occlusion (5 min RH); Intermediate stimulus- RH following a 15 min forearm occlusion (15 min RH); Sustained stimulus- 10 min of handgrip exercise (HGEX). Brachial artery diameter and mean shear stress were assessed using echo and Doppler ultrasound respectively during each FMD test. RESULTS: There was no group difference in HGEX shear stress (p=0.390) however, the obese group had a lower HGEX-FMD (5.2 ± 3.0% vs. 11.5 ± 4.4%, pItem A systematic upregulation of nuclear and mitochondrial genes is not present in the initial post-exercise recovery period in human skeletal muscle(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-12-22) Scribbans, Trisha D; Edgett, Brittany A; Bonafiglia, Jacob T; Baechler, Brittany L.; Quadrilatero, Joe; Gurd, Brendon J.The purpose of the current investigation was to determine if an exercise-mediated upregulation of nuclear and mitochondrial-encoded genes targeted by the transcriptional co-activator peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) occurs in a systematic manner following different exercise intensities in humans. Ten recreationally active males (Age: 23 ±3 yrs; VO2peak: 41.8 ±6.6 mL/kg/min) completed two acute bouts of work-matched interval exercise at ~73% (LO) and ~100% (HI) of work rate at VO2peak in a randomized cross-over design. Muscle biopsies were taken before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and 3 hours into recovery (3hr) following each exercise bout. A main effect of time (pItem Fish oil and treadmill exercise have age-dependent effects on episodic memory and oxidative state of the hippocampus(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-12-27) Macêdo, Patrícia Fortes Cavalcanti de; de Melo, Janatar Stella Vasconcelos; Costa, Laís Alves Ribeiro; Braz, Glauber Rudá Feitoza; de Sousa, Shirley M.; Lagranha, Cláudia J.; Hornsby, Manuella Batista-de-OliveiraThere is a growing interest to better understand how lifestyle choices can improve memory functions. Treadmill exercise (Ex) and long-chain nâ 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in fish oil (Fo) are able to stimulate hippocampal antioxidant defenses and improve memory. The aim was to test whether (Fo) and (Ex) can improve rat's performance on memory tasks and optimize hippocampal antioxidant state in an age-dependent manner. Therefore, young and adult rats were exercised and received (Fo) during four weeks. The (Ex) was performed during 30min/day, with the speed gradually increasing from the first to the last week. Afterwards, episodic memory was measured by the recognition of object identity and spatial location. Hippocampal oxidative state was investigated with the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyls content, antioxidant enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), and antioxidant non enzymatic activity (reduced glutathione, sulfhydryl content). The (Fo) adult rats were able to recognize objectâ s shape and placement, however (Fo) young rats had impaired spatial recognition (pItem Mechanisms of nicotine-induced cutaneous vasodilation and sweating in young adults: roles for KCa, KATP, and KV channels, nitric oxide, and prostanoids(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-12-30) Fujii, Naoto; Louie, Jeffrey C; McNeely, Brendan D; Amano, Tatsuro; Nishiyasu, Takeshi; Kenny, Glen P.We evaluated the influence of KItem Effects of phosphatidic acid supplementation on muscle thickness and strength in resistance-trained men(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-12-06) Gonzalez, Adam M; Sell, Katie M.; Ghigiarelli, Jamie J; Kelly, Christopher F; Shone, Edward W; Accetta, Matthew R; Baum, Jamie B; Mangine, Gerald TThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of phosphatidic acid (PA) supplementation on muscle thickness and strength following an 8-week supervised resistance-training program. Fifteen resistance trained men (22.8±3.5 y; 80.6±8.7 kg; 178.1±5.6 cm; 14.6±8.8% body fat) were randomly assigned to a group that either consumed 750 mg of PA or a placebo (PL). Testing was carried out before (PRE) and after (POST) training/supplementation for muscle thickness and strength. Muscle thickness of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps brachii (BB), and triceps brachii (TB) muscles were measured via ultrasonography along with one repetition maximum (1RM) of squat, deadlift, and bench press. Analysis of covariance, using PRE values as the covariate, did not reveal any group differences for measures of muscle thickness in the RF (PA: 3.6±5.2%; PL: 3.2±4.2%, p=0.97), VL (PA: 23.4±18.1%, PL: 12.5±15.4%, p=0.37), BB (PA: 3.7±6.4%, PL: 9.6±12.4%, p=0.86), or TB (PA: 15.1±17.9%, PL: 10.7±19.3%, p=0.79). Likewise, no group differences were observed in changes in squat (PA: 8.4±4.1%, PL: 8.1±4.2%, p=0.79), deadlift (PA: 10.1±10.1%, PL: 8.9±9.5%, p=0.66), or bench press (PA: 5.7±5.5%, PL: 5.1±3.0%, p=0.76) exercises. Collectively, however, all participants experienced significant (pItem Association between Maternal Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Abortion in Iranian Women and Validation of DII with Serum Concentration of Inflammatory Factors: Case-Control Study(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-12-19) Vahid, Farhad; Shivappa, Nitin; Hekmatdoost, Azita; Hebert, James R; Davoodi, Sayed Hossein; Sadeghi, MohammadrezaBackground: Previous studies have shown that some dietary components may be implicated in the etiology of abortion. However, the possible relationship between diet-related inflammation and the risk of abortion has not yet been investigated. Methods: We examined the ability of the literature-derived dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict the abortion incidence in women suffering from recurrent abortion in a case-control study conducted from April 2010 to March 2011. This included 67 incident cases and 68 controls, frequency-matched to cases on age, who attended infertility and miscarriage specialized centers in Tehran, Iran. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a validated and reproducible 168 item FFQ. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable ORs adjusted for age, education, occupation and BMI. Results: Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e., a more pro-inflammatory diet) had higher odds of abortion, with the DII being used as a continuous variable (OR continuous 2.12, 95% CI: 1.02-4.43). When analysis was carried out with DII expressed as a dichotomous variable, women in the pro-inflammatory diet group (DII >1.24) were at 2.12 times higher odds of having abortion compared to women in the referent group (DII â ¤1.24) (ORDII >1.24 /â ¤1.24 =2.12; 95% CI: 1.02-4.43). In the same study, for every one-unit increase in DII, there was a corresponding increase in IL-6 by 0.15 pg/ml, 95% CI (Item Determination of the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation in individuals with obesity(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-12-10) Dandanell, Sune; Præst, Charlotte Boslev; Søndergård, Stine Dam; Skovborg, Camilla; Dela, Flemming; Larsen, Steen; Helge, Jørn WulffMaximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the exercise intensity that elicits MFO (FatMax) are commonly determined by indirect calorimetry during graded exercise tests in both obese and normal weight individuals. However, no protocol has been validated in individuals with obesity. Thus, the aims were to develop a graded exercise protocol for determination of FatMax in individuals with obesity, and to test validity and inter-method reliability. Fat oxidation was assessed over a range of exercise intensities in 16 individuals (Age: 28 (26-29) years, BMI: 36 (35-38) kg m-2) (95%CI) on a cycle ergometer. The graded exercise protocol was validated against a short continuous exercise (SCE) protocol, in which FatMax was determined from fat oxidation at rest and during 10-min continuous exercise at 35, 50 and 65% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Intraclass and Pearson correlation coefficients between the protocols were 0.75 and 0.72 and within subject coefficient of variation (CV) was 5 (3-7)%. A Bland Altman plot revealed a bias of -3% points of VO2max (Limits of Agreement: -12 to 7). A tendency towards a systematic difference (p=0.06) was observed, where FatMax occurred at 42 (40-44) and 45 (43-47)% of VO2max with the graded and the SCE protocol, respectively. In conclusion, there was a high-excellent correlation and a low CV between the two protocols, suggesting that the graded exercise protocol has a high inter-method reliability. However, considerable intra-individual variation and a trend towards systematic difference between the protocols reveal that further optimization of the graded exercise protocol is needed to improve validity.Item Associations between physical activity, screen time, and fitness among 6- to 10-year old children living in Edmonton, Canada(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-12-19) Potter, Morgan; Spence, John C; Boulé, Normand G.; Stearns, Jodie A; Carson, ValerieThe objectives of this study were to describe fitness levels, examine associations between physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and fitness, and examine sex moderating effects in a sample of children. Participants were 649 children (7.8±0.6years; 52.4% female) from Edmonton, Canada. Hours/week of PA and ST were parent-reported. PA was also objectively measured with pedometers and expressed in increments of 1000 steps/day. Fitness components (i.e., vertical jump, sit-and-reach, waist circumference, grip strength, predicted maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂ max), push-ups, partial curl-ups, overall fitness) were measured according to the Canadian PA, Fitness and Lifestyle Approach protocols and expressed as z-scores or low/high fitness. Positive associations were observed between PA and overall fitness for both the complete (Subjective: β=0.009, 95%CI: 0.001, 0.017) and partial (≥3 available fitness measures; Subjective: β=0.006, 95%CI: 0.000, 0.011; Objective: β=0.025, 95%CI: 0.007, 0.042) fitness scores. Subjective (β=0.011, 95%CI: 0.000, 0.022) and objective (β=0.043, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.078) PA were positively associated with vertical jump. Children with higher objective PA were more likely to be in the high push-ups group (OR=1.156, 95%CI: 1.054, 1.267). PA was positively associated with predicted VO₂ max (Subjective: β=0.040, 95%CI: 0.018, 0.063; Objective: β=0.084, 95%CI: 0.012, 0.157) and grip strength (Subjective: β=0.025, 95%CI: 0.011, 0.040) in boys only. ST was negatively associated with grip strength (β=-0.016, 95%CI: -0.028, -0.004) in boys. PA was associated with several components of fitness, especially in boys. However, few associations were observed between ST and fitness. Promoting regular PA in young children may address declining fitness levels.Item Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone with the metabolic syndrome in black South African women(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-12-19) Sotunde, Olusola Funmilayo; Kruger, Herculina Salome; Wright, Hattie H.; Havemann-Nel , Lize; Mels, Carina MC; Ravyse, Chrisna; Pieters, MarlienThe relationship between 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and metabolic traits appear to differ among ethnicities and may be influenced by obesity. The aim of the study was to examine the association of serum 25(OH)D and PTH, respectively, with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) while controlling for adiposity in black women. Using a cross-sectional study design, 209 urban black women aged â Ľ 43 years from the North West Province, South Africa, were included. Multiple regression models were used to explore the relationship between 25(OH)D, PTH and body composition. To explore the association between 25(OH)D, PTH and MetS, a separate variable was created including at least three of the MetS criteria, but excluding elevated waist circumference as a diagnostic criterion in a logistic regression model. The majority of the women (69.9%) were overweight or obese and 65.5% of the women had excessive adiposity using the age specific cut-off points for body fat percentage. All body composition variables were positively associated with PTH, while BMI and waist circumference, but not body fat % had negative associations with 25(OH)D, also after adjusting for confounders. Before and after adjusting for age, body fat, habitual physical activity, tobacco use, season of data collection and estimated glomerular filtration rate, neither 25(OH)D nor PTH showed significant associations with the MetS. Although PTH was positively and 25(OH)D was negatively associated with adiposity in black women, there was no association between either 25(OH)D or PTH and the MetS in this study population, nor did adiposity influence these relationships.Item Vitamin D status is not related to insulin resistance in different phenotypes of moderate obesity(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-11-18) Al Masri, Manal; Romain, Ahmed Jerome; Boegner, Catherine; Maimoun, Laurent; Mariano-Goulart, Denis; Attalin, Vincent; Leprieur, Elodie; Picandet, Marion; Avignon, Antoine; Sultan, ArianeBackground/Objectives: Low plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) and high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with obesity and could play a role in the occurrence of its complications such as insulin resistance. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether the relationship between 25OHD status and phosphocalcic parameters differ between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and insulin-resistant obese (IRO). Subjects/Methods: Cross-sectional study including 158 consecutive adults (121 females) with obesity (BMI 35.15Âą2.8 kg/m2), age 43.21Âą13.6 years. Serum 25OHD, calcemia, phosphatemia, PTH, plasma lipids, fasting plasma glucose, insulin levels and body composition were measured. Results: Participants were classified as MHO (n = 65) or IRO (n = 93) based on HOMA-IR value. IRO patients had higher BMI (p = 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.03), and trunk fat mass (p = 0.007) than MHO patients. Mean HbA1c (p = 0.03), triglycerides (p = 0.02), and hsCRP (p = 0.04) plasmatic levels were increased in the IRO group. No between-groups difference was found on 25OHD, PTH, calcium or phosphorus plasmatic levels. Regarding predictive factors of 25OHD, only age predicted 25OHD level among IRO participants while no factors were identified in MHO. No predictive factors of PTH plasmatic level were identified in IRO and MHO groups. Conclusions: Although MHO and IRO patients have different metabolic profiles, we did not detect any difference regarding either 25OHD or PTH. IR was not a predictive factor of vitamin D status. Our results confirm the absence of link between vitamin D status and IR in moderate obesity.Item The effects of block training on pacing during 20-km cycling time trial(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-12-11) Costa, Vitor Pereira; Guglielmo, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci; Paton, Carl DavidThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of block training (BL) on pacing during a 20-km hilly cycling time trial (TT) in trained cyclists. Twenty male cyclists were separated into two groups: control and BL. The training of each cyclist was monitored during a period of 3 weeks. In the first week cyclists performed an overload period of seven consecutive days of high intensity interval training followed by two weeks of normal training. Cyclists performed one TT before intervention and two TT after seven and fourteen days at the end of training. Each training session consisted of 10 sets of 3 repeated maximal-effort sprints (15, 30, and 45s) with an effort/recovery duration ratio of 1:5. The main finding of this study was that the power output displayed a significantly higher start from the start until the halfway point of the TT (pItem Long Term Effects of Daily Postprandial Physical Activity on Blood Glucose: A Randomized Controlled Trial(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-12-21) Nygaard, Håvard; Grindaker, Eirik; Rønnestad, Bent Ronny; Holmboe-Ottesen, Gerd; Høstmark, Arne TorbjørnPrevious studies have shown that a bout of moderate or light postprandial physical activity effectively blunts the postprandial increase in blood glucose. The objective of this study was to test whether regular light postprandial physical activity can improve glycemia in persons with hyperglycemia or with high risk of hyperglycemia. We randomized 56 participants to an intervention or a control group. They were diagnosed as hyperglycemic, not using anti-diabetics or categorized as high-risk individuals for type 2 diabetes. The intervention group was instructed to undertake minimum 30 minutes of daily light physical activity, starting maximum 30 minutes after a meal, in addition to their usual physical activity for 12 weeks. The control group remained with usual lifestyle. Blood samples were taken pre and post. 40 participants completed the study and are included in the results. Self-reported increase in daily physical activity from before to within the study period was higher in the intervention group compared to control (41 ± 25 vs. 2 ± 16 min, pItem Excessive training is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, but not apoptosis in the hypothalamus of mice.(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-11-28) Pinto, Ana Paula; da Rocha, Alisson; Pereira, Bruno; Oliveira, Luciana; Paroschi, Gustavo; Pereira, Leandro; Ropelle, Eduardo Rochete; Pauli, José Rodrigo; da Silva, Adelino Sanchez RamosDownhill running-based overtraining model increases the hypothalamic levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, SOCS3 and pSAPK-JNK. The aim of the present study was to verify the effects of three overtraining protocols on the levels of BiP, pIRE-1 (Ser724), pPERK (Thr981), pelF2alpha (Ser52), ATF-6, GRP-94, caspase 4, caspase 12, pAKT (Ser473), pmTOR (Ser2448) and pAMPK (Thr172) proteins in the mouse hypothalamus. The mice were randomized into the control (CT), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR) groups. After the overtraining protocols (i.e., at the end of week 8), hypothalamus was removed and used for immunoblotting. The OTR/down group exhibited increased levels of all of the analyzed endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in the hypothalamus at the end of week 8. The OTR/up and OTR groups exhibited increased levels of BiP, pIRE-1 (Ser724) and pPERK (Thr981) in the hypothalamus at the end of week 8. There were no significant differences in the levels of caspase 4, caspase 12, pAKT (Ser473), pmTOR (Ser2448) and pAMPK (Thr172) between the experimental groups at the end of week 8. In conclusion, the three overtraining protocols increased the endoplasmic reticulum stress at the end of week 8.Item The role of volume-load in strength and absolute endurance adaptations in adolescent’s performing high- or low-load resistance training(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-10-18) Steele, James; Fisher, James P; Assunção, Ari R.; Bottaro, Martim; Gentil, PauloThis study compared high- (HL) and low-load (LL), resistance training (RT) on strength, absolute endurance, volume-load, and their relationships in untrained adolescents. Thirty three untrained adolescents of both sexes (Males n = 17, females n = 16, 14Âą1 years) were randomly assigned into either: 1) HL (n=17): performing 3 sets of 4-6 repetitions to momentary concentric failure; or 2) LL (n=16): performing 3 sets of 12-15 repetitions to momentary concentric failure. RT was performed 2x/week for 9 weeks. Change in maximum strength (1 RM) and absolute muscular endurance for barbell bench press was assessed. Weekly volume-load was calculated as sets [no.] x repetitions [no.] x load [kg]. 95% confidence intervals (CIs) revealed both groups significantly increased in strength and absolute endurance with large effect sizes (d = 1.51-1.66). There were no between group differences for change in strength or absolute endurance. 95%CIs revealed both groups significantly increased in weekly volume-load with large effect sizes (HL = 1.66, LL = 1.02). There were no between group differences for change in volume-load though average weekly volume-load was significantly greater for LL (pItem Modified Sprint Interval Training Protocols Part I: Physiological Responses(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-11-26) Islam, Hashim; Townsend, Logan K; Hazell, Tom JAdaptations to sprint interval training (SIT) are observed with brief (≤15s) work bouts highlighting peak power generation as an important metabolic stimulus. This study examined the effects of manipulating SIT work bout and recovery period duration on energy expenditure (EE) during and post-exercise, as well as post-exercise fat oxidation rates. Nine active males completed a resting control session (CTRL) and three SIT sessions in randomized order: 1) 30:240 (4 x 30 s bouts, 240 s recovery); 2) 15:120 (8 x 15 s bouts, 120 s recovery); 3) 5:40 (24 x 5 s bouts, 40 s recovery). Protocols were matched for the total duration of work (2 min) and recovery (16 min), as well as the work-to-recovery ratio (1:8 s). EE and fat oxidation rates were derived from gas exchange measured before, during, and for 3 h post-exercise. All protocols increased EE versus CTRL (PItem Modified sprint interval training protocols. Part II: psychological responses(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-11-26) Townsend, Logan K; Islam, Hashim; Dunn, Emily; Eys, Mark; Robertson-Wilson, Jennifer; Hazell, Tom JSprint-interval training (SIT) is a viable method to improve health and fitness. However, researchers have questioned the utility of SIT due to its strenuous nature. The current study aimed to determine if manipulating the sprint and recovery duration, while maintaining the 1:8 work to rest ratio, could uncover a more favourable SIT protocol. Nine healthy active males (23.3±3.0 y, 22.4±2.2 kg·mItem Preliminary safety analysis of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in persons with chronic stroke(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-10-05) Carl, Daniel L; Boyne, Pierce; Rockwell, Bradley; Gerson, Myron; Khoury, Jane; Kissela, Brett; Dunning, KariAim: To assess safety via electrocardiographic (ECG), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and orthopedic responses to 3 different HIIT protocols in persons with stroke. Methods: 18 participants (10 male; 61.9 + 8.3 yo; 5.8+ 4.2 y post stroke) completed a symptom-limited stress test (GXT) with ECG monitoring to screen for eligibility and determine HR peak. The 3 HIIT protocols involved repeated 30 s bursts of treadmill walking at maximum speed alternated with rest periods of 30 s (P30), 1 min (P60) or 2 min (P120). Sessions were performed in random order and included 5 min warm up, 20 min HIIT and 5 min cool down. Variables measured included ECG activity, BP, HR, signs and symptoms of CV intolerance, and orthopedic concerns. Generalized linear mixed models and Tukey-Kramer adjustment were used to compare protocols using pItem Genetic Characterization of Physical Activity Behaviours in University Students Enrolled in Kinesiology Degree Programs(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-11-02) Many, Gina M.; Kendrick, Zachary; Deschamps, Chelsea L; Sprouse, Courtney; Tosi, Laura L; Devaney, Joseph M; Gordish-Dressman, Heather; Barfield, Whitney; Hoffman, Eric P; Houmard, Joseph A.; Pescatello, Linda S; Vogel, Hans J; Shearer, Jane; Hittel, Dustin SStudies of physical activity behaviours have increasingly shown the importance of heritable factors such as genetic variation. Non-synonymous polymorphisms of alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3) and the β-adrenergic receptors 1 and 3 (ADRB) have been previously associated with exercise capacity and cardiometabolic health. We thus hypothesized that these polymorphisms are also related to physical activity behaviors in young adults. To test this hypothesis we examined relationships between ACTN3 (R577X), ARDB1 (Arg389Gly) and ADRB3 (Trp64Arg), and physical activity behaviors in university students. We stratified for student enrollment in kinesiology degree programs compared to non-majors as we previously found this to be a predictor of physical activity. We did not identify novel associations between physical activity and ACTN3. However, the minor alleles of ADRB1 and ADRB3 were significantly underrepresented in kinesiology students compared to non-majors. Furthermore, carriers of the ADRB1 minor allele reported reduced participation in moderate physical activity and increased afternoon fatigue compared to ancestral allele homozygotes. Together, these findings suggest that the heritability of physical activity behaviours in young adults may be linked to non-synonymous polymorphisms within β-adrenergic receptors.Item Sorbitol increases muscle glucose uptake ex vivo and inhibits intestinal glucose absorption ex vivo and in normal and type 2 diabetic rats(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-12-02) Chukwuma, Chika I.; Islam, Md. ShahidulPrevious studies have suggested that sorbitol, a known polyol sweetener possesses glycemic control potentials. However, the effect of sorbitol on intestinal glucose absorption and muscle glucose uptake still remains elusive. The present study investigated the effects of sorbitol on intestinal glucose absorption and muscle glucose uptake as possible anti-hyperglycemic or glycemic control potentials using ex vivo and in vivo experimental models. Sorbitol (2.5% to 20%) inhibited glucose absorption in isolated rat jejuna (IC50 = 14.6Âą 4.6%) and increased glucose uptake in isolated rat psoas muscle with (GU50 = 3.5 Âą 1.6%) or without insulin (GU50 = 7.0 Âą 0.5%) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, sorbitol significantly delayed gastric emptying, accelerated digesta transit, inhibited intestinal glucose absorption and reduced blood glucose increase in both normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic rats after 1 hour of co-ingestion with glucose. Data of this study suggest that sorbitol exhibited anti-hyperglycemic potentials, possibly via increasing muscle glucose uptake ex vivo and reducing intestinal glucose absorption in normal and type 2 diabetic rats. Hence, sorbitol may be further investigated as a possible anti-hyperglycemic sweetener.Item Possible association between helicobacter pylori infection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016-11-07) Chen, Chang-Xi; Mao, Yu-Shan; Foster, Parker; Zhu, Zhong-Wei; Du, Juan; Guo, Chuan-YongPossible association between Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been proposed by several studies with inconsistent conclusions. Here, we studied the association between HPI and NAFLD at three levels: 1.) Genetic level; 2.) Small molecular level; and 3.) Clinical level. Relation data between diseases, genes, and small molecules were acquired from Pathway Studio ResNet Mammalian database. Clinical data were acquired from 2,263 elderly South Chinese subjects, including 603 NAFLD patients and 1660 non-NAFLD subjects. Results showed that HPI and NAFLD present significantly shared genetic bases (95 genes, p-value=2.5E-72), demonstrating multiple common genetic pathways (enrichment p-value 4.38E-20 for the top 10 pathways). Genetic network analysis suggested that mutual regulation may exist between HPI and NAFLD through 21 out of 95 genes. Furthermore, 85 out of the 95 genes manifested strong interaction with 12 small molecules/drugs that demonstrate effectiveness in treating both diseases. Clinical results showed that HPI rate in NAFLD group was significantly higher than that in the non-NAFLD group (51.9% vs. 43.6%; p-value= 4.9E-4). Multivariate logistic regression results supported the observations and suggested that HPI served as a risk factor for NAFLD in the experiment data studied (odds ratio: 1.387, p-value = 0.018). Results from this study support the hypothesis that complex biological association may exist between HPI and NAFLD, which partially explain the significant clinical co-incidence in the elderly population of south China.