2015

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Evaluating the Effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20HE) on Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Signaling in the Skeletal Muscle and Liver of Rats
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-09-14) Anthony, Tracy G; Mirek, Emily T; Bargoud, Albert Raouf; Phillipson-Weiner, Lindsey; DeOliveira, Christopher M; Wetstein, Berish; Graf, Brittany L; Kuhn, Peter E; Raskin, Ilya
Phytoecdysteroids such as 20HE are nutritional supplements marketed as enhancers of lean body mass. In this study the impact of 20HE ingestion on protein kinase B/Akt-mTORC1 signaling in the skeletal muscle and liver of male rats was found to be limited. Bioavailability of 20HE, whether consumed alone or with leucine, also remained low at all doses ingested. Additional work is necessary to clarify 20HE mechanism of action in vivo.
The impact of replacing regular chocolate milk with the reduced-sugar option on milk consumption in elementary schools in Saskatoon, Canada
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-12-15) Henry, Carol; Whiting, Susan J.; Finch, Sarah L; Zello, Gordon A.; Vatanparast, Hassan
Objective: Excess sugar consumption in children has led to the removal of chocolate milk from some schools. Lower sugar formulations, if accepted, would provide benefits of milk consumption. Design: In a cross-over trial, milk consumption was measured in eight schools over 6 weeks in two phases: Phase 1 provided standard 1% chocolate milk and plain 2% milk choices for the first 3 weeks and Phase 2 provided reduced-sugar 1 % chocolate milk and plain 2 % milk for the next 3 weeks. Milk selection and milk wasted by gender and grade (1-8) were measured. Results: Children chose chocolate milk more often than white milk in both phases (Phase 1: 8.93 ± 0.75% vs. 0.87 ± 0.11 % p
Body Composition and Energy Intake— Skeletal Muscle Mass is the Strongest Predictor of Food Intake in Obese Adolescents: The HEARTY Trial
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-11-29) Cameron, Jameason D; Sigal, Ronald J; Kenny, Glen P.; Alberga, Angela S; Prud'Homme, Denis; Phillips, Penny; Doucette, Steve; Goldfield, Gary
Purpose: There has been renewed interest in examining the relationship between specific components of energy expenditure and the overall influence on energy intake (EI). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the strongest metabolic and anthropometric predictors of EI. It was hypothesized that resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skeletal muscle mass would be the strongest predictors of EI in a sample of overweight and obese adolescents. Methods: 304 post-pubertal adolescents (90 boys, 217 girls) aged 16.1 (±1.4) years with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex OR at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes risk factor were measured for body weight, RMR (kcal/day) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by magnetic resonance imaging (fat free mass [FFM], skeletal muscle mass, fat mass [FM], and %body fat), and EI (kcal/day) using 3-day food records. Results: Body weight, RMR, FFM, skeletal muscle mass, and FM were all significantly correlated with EI (p
Maternal and post-weaning folic acid supplementation interact to influence body weight, insulin resistance, and food intake regulatory gene expression in rat offspring in a sex-specific manner
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-11-23) Huot, Pedro S.P.; Ly, Anna; Szeto, Ignatius Man Yau; Reza-López, Sandra A.; Cho, Daniel; Kim, Young-In; Anderson, G. Harvey
Maternal intake of multivitamins or folic acid above the basal dietary requirements alters the growth and metabolic trajectory of rat offspring. We hypothesized that a modest increase in folic acid content in maternal diets would alter the offspring’s metabolic phenotype and that these effects could be corrected by matching the folic acid content of the offspring’s diet with the maternal diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a control or 2.5x folic acid supplemented diet prior to mating and during pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, pups from each maternal diet group were randomized to the control or 2.5x folic acid supplemented diet for 25 weeks. Male pups from dams fed the folic acid supplemented diet were 3.7% heavier and had lower mRNA expression for leptin receptor (Lepr: 11%) and Agouti-related peptide (Agrp: 14%) than those from control-fed dams. In contrast, female pups from folic acid-supplemented dams were 5% lighter and had lower Pomc (42%), Lepr (32%), and Agrp (13%), but higher neuropeptide Y (18%) mRNA expression than those from control-fed dams. Folic acid supplementation ameliorated these alterations induced by maternal folic acid supplementation in male pups and led to the lowest insulin resistance, but the effects were less in female pups and led to highest insulin resistance. In conclusion, maternal folic acid supplementation at 2.5x the control level was associated with alterations in body weight and hypothalamic gene expression in rat offspring in a sex-specific manner and some of these effects were attenuated by post-weaning folic acid supplementation.
Whole-body fat oxidation increases more by prior exercise than overnight fasting in elite endurance athletes
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-12-15) Andersson Hall, Ulrika; Edin, Fredrik; Pedersen, Anders; Madsen, Klavs
The purpose of this study was to compare whole body fat oxidation kinetics after prior exercise versus overnight fasting in elite endurance athletes. Thirteen highly trained athletes (nine men and four women; VO2max 66 ± 1 ml . min-1 . kg-1) performed 3 identical submaximal incremental tests on a cycle ergometer using a cross-over design. A control test (CON) was performed 3h after a standardized breakfast, a fasting test (FAST) 12 hours after a standardized evening meal, and a post-exercise test (EXER) after standardized breakfast, endurance exercise and 2h fasting recovery. The test consisted of 3 min each at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of VO2max and fat oxidation rates were measured through indirect calorimetry. During CON, maximal fat oxidation rate was 0.51 ± 0.04 g . min-1 compared to 0.69 ± 0.04 g . min-1 in FAST (P
Relationships between maximal strength, muscle size, myosin heavy chain isoform composition and post-activation potentiation
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-12-11) Seitz, Laurent B.; Trajano, Gabriel S; Haff, G. Gregory; Dumke, Charles CLS; Tufano, James J.; Blazevich, Anthony J.
The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contribution of maximal knee extensor torque, quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) and volume, and type II myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform percentage to voluntary post-activation potentiation (PAP) in human skeletal muscle. Thirteen resistance-trained men completed a test protocol consisting of two isokinetic knee extensions at 180o∙s-1 performed before and 1, 4, 7 and 10 min after the completion of 4 maximal knee extensions at 60o∙s-1 (i.e. a conditioning activity). Magnetic resonance imaging and muscle microbiopsy procedures were completed on separate days to assess quadriceps CSA and volume, and MHC isoform content. Maximal voluntary PAP response was assessed as the ratio of the highest knee extensor torques measured before and after the conditioning activity. There were large to very large correlations between the maximal voluntary PAP response and maximal knee extensor torque (r=0.62), quadriceps CSA (r=0.68) and volume (r=0.63). Nonetheless, these correlations were not statistically significant after adjusting for the influence of type II MHC percentage using partial correlation analysis. By contrast, the strongest correlation was observed for type II MHC percentage (r=0.77), and this correlation remained significant after adjusting for the other variables. Maximal voluntary PAP response is strongly correlated with maximal knee extensor torque, quadriceps CSA and volume, but most clearly associated with the type II myosin isoform percentage in the human skeletal muscle.
Evaluating the effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate, ingested individually or in combination, and a taste matched placebo on high-intensity cycling capacity in healthy males.
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-11-08) Higgins, Matthew F; Wilson, Susie; Hill, Cameron; Price, Mike J; Duncan, Mike; Tallis, Jason
This study evaluated the effects of ingesting sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or caffeine individually, or in combination, on high-intensity cycling capacity. In a counterbalanced, crossover design, thirteen healthy non-cycling trained males (age: 21±3 years, height: 178±6 cm, body mass: 76±12 kg, WPEAK: 230±34 W, V̇O2PEAK: 46±8 ml.kg
Day to day variability in fat oxidation, and the effect after only one day of change in diet composition.
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-11-25) Støa, Eva Maria; Nyhus, Lill-Katrin; Claveau Børresen, Sandra; Nygaard, Caroline; Hovet, Åse Marie; Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid; Helgerud, Jan; Støren, Øyvind
Background: Indirect calorimetry is a common and non-invasive method to estimate rate of fat oxidation (FatOx) during exercise, and test – retest reliability should be considered when interpreting results. Diet also has an impact on FatOx. The aim of the present study was to investigate day to day variations in FatOx during moderate exercise given the same diet, and given two different isoenergetic diets. Methods: 9 healthy moderately trained females participated in the study. They performed one VO2max test and four FatOx tests. Habitual diets were recorded and repeated to assess day to day variability in FatOx. FatOx was also measured after one day of fat-rich (26.8% CHO, 23.2% protein, 47.1% fat) and one day of CHO-rich diet (62.6% CHO, 20.1% protein, 12.4% fat). Results: The reliability test revealed no differences in FatOx, RER, VO2, carbon dioxide production (VCO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration [La-]b or blood glucose (BG) between the two habitual diet days. FatOx decreased after the CHO-rich diet compared to the habitual day 2 (from 0.42±0.15 to 0.29±0.13 g·min-1, p〈 0.05). No difference was found in FatOx between fat-rich diet and the two habitual diet days. FatOx was 31% lower (from 0.42±0.14 to 0.29±0.13 g·min-1, p〈 0.01) after the CHO-rich diet compared to the fat-rich diet. Using RER data to measure FatOx is a reliable method as long as the diet is strictly controlled. However, even a 1 day change in macronutrient composition will likely affect the FatOx results.
Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese children
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-11-30) Zhang, Xinyu; Zhu, Yanna; Cai, Li; Ma, Lu; Jing, Jin; Guo, Li; Jin, Yu; Ma, Yinghua; Chen, Yajun
The purpose of this study is to examine the cross-sectional associations of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Chinese children. A total of 234 Chinese schoolchildren in Guangdong aged 8–11 years participated in the study. Dietary intake was assessed via a three-day dietary record. Seven established cardiovascular indicators were analyzed in this study: fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Higher dietary GI was significantly associated with higher TG (P = 0.037) levels and lower HDL-C levels (P = 0.005) after adjusting for age, gender, nutritional intake, physical activity, and BMI-Z score. LDL-C was found to differ across tertiles of dietary GL. The middle tertile tended to show the highest level of LDL-C. TC, FPG, and blood pressure were independent of both dietary GI and GL. Our findings suggest that higher dietary GI is differentially associated with some CVD risk factors, including lower HDL-C and higher TG, in school-aged children from South China.
FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTATION ATTENUATES THE CHANGES IN THE PLASMA LIPIDS CAUSED BY DEXAMETHASONE TREATMENT IN RATS
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-11-16) Barbosa, Amanda Marreiro; Francisco, Priscila Cássia; Motta, Katia; Chagas, Thayz Rodrigues; dos Santos, Cristiane; Rafacho, Alex; Nunes, Everson A
Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory that in excess, or after prolonged exposition, may alter the glucose and lipid homeostasis. Omega-3 fatty acids, present in fish oil (FO), can be used as potential modulators of intermediary glucose and lipid metabolism. Herein, we evaluate the effects of FO supplementation (1 g.kg B.W.-1) on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats treated with dexamethasone (0.5 mg.kg B.W.-1) during 15 days. Adult male Wistar rats were distributed in four groups: CTL (saline 1 ml.kg B.W.-1 and mineral oil 1 g.kg B.W.-1); DEX (dexamethasone and mineral oil); FO (fish oil and saline); and DFO (fish oil and dexamethasone) for 15 days. Dexamethasone or saline were administered intraperitoneally, and fish oil or mineral oil by gavage. We evaluated functional and molecular parameters of lipid and glycemic profile at 8 days and at the end of treatment. The results showed that FO supplementation increased docosahexaenoic acid (DEX: 5.6±0.7; DFO: 10.5±0.8%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (DEX: 0.3±0.0; DFO: 1.3±0.1%) hepatic content and attenuated the increase of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and non-HDL-C fraction plasmatic concentrations in the DFO rats compared with DEX. These effects seem not depend on hepatic expression of insulin receptor substrate-1, protein kinase B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-γ proteins content. There was no supplementation effect on loss of body weight, fasting glycaemia and glucose tolerance in the rats treated with dexamethasone. In conclusion, we showed that the FO supplementation for 15 days attenuates the dyslipidemia induced by dexamethasone treatment.
Protein requirement in critical illness.
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-11-11) Hoffer, L. John
How much protein do critically ill patients require? For the many decades that nutritional support has been used there was a broad consensus that critically ill patients need much more protein than is required in normal health. Now, however, some experts recommend limiting all macronutrient provision during the early phase of critical illness. How did these conflicting recommendations emerge? Which of them is correct? This review explains the longstanding recommendation for generous protein provision in critical illness, analyzes the clinical trials now being claimed to refute it, and concludes with suggestions for clinical investigation and practice.
Breaking up prolonged sitting time with walking does not affect appetite or gut hormone concentrations but does induce an energy deficit and suppresses postprandial glycaemia in sedentary adults
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-12-09) Bailey, Daniel P; Broom, David R.; Chrismas, Bryna CR; Taylor, Lee; Flynn, Edward; Hough, John
Background: Breaking up periods of prolonged sitting can negate harmful metabolic effects but the influence on appetite and gut hormones is not understood and is investigated in this study. Methods: Thirteen sedentary (7 female) participants undertook three, 5 h trials in random order: 1) uninterrupted sitting (SIT), 2) seated with 2 min bouts of light-intensity walking every 20 min (SIT+LA), and 3) seated with 2 min bouts of moderate-intensity walking every 20 min (SIT+MA). A standardised test drink was provided at the start and an ad libitum pasta test meal provided at the end of each trial. Subjective appetite ratings and plasma acylated ghrelin, peptide YY, insulin, and glucose were measured at regular intervals. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each variable. Results: AUC values for appetite and gut hormone concentrations were unaffected in the activity breaks conditions compared to uninterrupted sitting (linear mixed modelling: p>0.05). Glucose AUC was lower in SIT+MA than SIT+LA (p=0.004) and SIT (p=0.055). There was no difference in absolute ad libitum energy intake between conditions (p>0.05), however, relative energy intake was lower in SIT+LA (39%; p=0.011) and SIT+MA (120%; p
EFFECTS OF AN ACUTE BOUT OF MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE ON POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA AND AIRWAY INFLAMMATION
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-11-11) Johnson, Ariel M; Kurti, Stephanie P; Smith, Joshua R; Rosenkranz, Sara K; Harms, Craig A.
A high-fat meal (HFM) induces an increase in blood lipids (postprandial lipemia; PPL), systemic inflammation, and acute airway inflammation. While acute exercise has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering effects, it is unknown whether exercise prior to a HFM will translate to reduced airway inflammation post-HFM. Our purpose was to determine the effects of an acute bout of exercise on airway inflammation post-HFM and to identify whether any protective effect of exercise on airway inflammation was associated with a reduction in PPL or systemic inflammation. In a randomized cross-over study, 12 healthy 18-29 year old men (23.0±3.2yrs, 178.9±5.5cm 78.5±11.7kg) consumed a HFM (1g fat/1kg body weight) 12 hours following exercise (EX; 60 min at 60% V̇O2max) or without exercise (CON). Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO; measure of airway inflammation), triglycerides (TG) and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)) were measured while fasted, two hours and four hours post-HFM. FENO increased over time (2 HR: CON, p=0.001; EX, p=0.002, but not by condition (p=0.991). TG significantly increased two and four hours post-HFM (p
Independent associations of polymorphisms in vitamin D binding protein (GC) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes with obesity and plasma 25OHD3 levels demonstrate sex dimorphism
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-11-18) Almesri, Norah; Das, Nagalla S; Ali, Muhalab E.; Gumaa, Khalid; Giha, Hayder Ahmed
We investigated a possible association between polymorphisms in vitamin D binding protein (GC) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes and obesity in Bahraini adults. For this purpose, 406 subjects with varying body mass index (BMI) were selected. Plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), two in the VDR gene (rs731236 TC and rs12721377 AG) and four in the GC gene (rs2282679 AC, rs4588 CA, rs7041 GT, and rs2298849 TC), were genotyped by real time PCR. We found that the rs7041 minor allele (G) and rare genotype (GG) were associated with higher BMI (p = 0.007 and p = 0.012, respectively), but they did not influence 25OHD3 levels. However, the minor alleles of rs2282679 (A) and rs4588 (C) were associated with low 25OHD3 plasma levels (p = 0.039 and p = 0.021, respectively), but not with the BMI. Having categorized the subjects based on their sex, we found: i) rs7041 GG associated with high BMI in females (p = 0.003), ii) rs4588 CC associated with high BMI in females (p = 0.034) and low 25OHD3 levels in males (p = 0.009), and iii) rs12721377 AA associated with low 25OHD3 levels in females (p = 0.039). Notably, none of the common haplotypes (6 in the GC gene and 3 in the VDR gene) were associated with BMI. Therefore, polymorphisms in the GC (rs2282679, rs4588, rs7041) and VDR (rs12721377) genes were independently associated with obesity and 25OHD3 levels with a clear sex dimorphism.
Expectancy of ergogenicity from sodium bicarbonate ingestion increases high-intensity cycling capacity.
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-12-04) Higgins, Matthew F; Shabir, Akbar
This study examined whether expectancy of ergogenicity of a commonly used nutritional supplement (sodium bicarbonate; NaHCO3) influenced subsequent high-intensity cycling capacity. Eight recreationally active males (age: 21±1 years, body mass: 75±8 kg, height: 178±4 cm, WPEAK: 204±23 W) performed a graded incremental test to assess peak power output (WPEAK), one familiarisation trial and two experimental trials. Experimental trials consisted of cycling at 100% WPEAK to volitional exhaustion (TLIM) 60 min after ingesting either a placebo (PLA; 0.1 g.kg
Wholegrain pasta reduces appetite and meal-induced thermogenesis acutely: A pilot study
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-11-12) Cioffi, Iolanda; Santarpia, Lidia; Vaccaro, Andrea; Iacone, Roberto; Labruna, Giuseppe; Marra, Maurizio; Contaldo , Franco; Kristensen, Mette; Pasanisi, Fabrizio
The intake of foods rich in dietary fiber is associated with reduced risk to develop overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in epidemiological studies. The present work aims to identify acute strategies to regulate appetite and improve glucose control by using different pasta meals. Hence, four different iso-caloric lunch meals were administered to eight healthy participants, in a crossover design, consisting of 1) refined grain pasta 2) whole-grain pasta 3) lemon juice-supplemented refined grain pasta and 4) refined grain pasta with legumes (RG+T; WG+T; LRG+T and RG+L, respectively). On the test days, participants underwent baseline measurements, including appetite sensation, blood sample and resting energy expenditure (REE), hereafter, the test lunch was served. Subjective appetite was assessed and blood sample was taken each hour for 240 minutes while post-prandial EE was measured for 3 hours. In repeated measures ANCOVA, postprandial fullness (p=0.001) increased and hunger (p=0.038) decreased. WG+T had a lower EE than both LGR+T (p=0.02) and RG+L (p
Expectancy of ergogenicity from sodium bicarbonate ingestion increases high-intensity cycling capacity.
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-12-04) Higgins, Matthew F; Shabir, Akbar
This study examined whether expectancy of ergogenicity of a commonly used nutritional supplement (sodium bicarbonate; NaHCO3) influenced subsequent high-intensity cycling capacity. Eight recreationally active males (age: 21±1 years, body mass: 75±8 kg, height: 178±4 cm, WPEAK: 204±23 W) performed a graded incremental test to assess peak power output (WPEAK), one familiarisation trial and two experimental trials. Experimental trials consisted of cycling at 100% WPEAK to volitional exhaustion (TLIM) 60 min after ingesting either a placebo (PLA; 0.1 g.kg
Wholegrain pasta reduces appetite and meal-induced thermogenesis acutely: A pilot study
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-11-12) Cioffi, Iolanda; Santarpia, Lidia; Vaccaro, Andrea; Iacone, Roberto; Labruna, Giuseppe; Marra, Maurizio; Contaldo , Franco; Kristensen, Mette; Pasanisi, Fabrizio
The intake of foods rich in dietary fiber is associated with reduced risk to develop overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in epidemiological studies. The present work aims to identify acute strategies to regulate appetite and improve glucose control by using different pasta meals. Hence, four different iso-caloric lunch meals were administered to eight healthy participants, in a crossover design, consisting of 1) refined grain pasta 2) whole-grain pasta 3) lemon juice-supplemented refined grain pasta and 4) refined grain pasta with legumes (RG+T; WG+T; LRG+T and RG+L, respectively). On the test days, participants underwent baseline measurements, including appetite sensation, blood sample and resting energy expenditure (REE), hereafter, the test lunch was served. Subjective appetite was assessed and blood sample was taken each hour for 240 minutes while post-prandial EE was measured for 3 hours. In repeated measures ANCOVA, postprandial fullness (p=0.001) increased and hunger (p=0.038) decreased. WG+T had a lower EE than both LGR+T (p=0.02) and RG+L (p
Incidence of Non-Response and Individual Patterns of Response Following Sprint Interval Training
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-10-28) Gurd, Brendon J.; Giles, Matthew D; Bonafiglia, Jacob T; Raleigh, James P; Boyd, John C.; Ma, Jasmin K; Zelt, Jason GE; Scribbans, Trisha D
The current study sought to explore the incidence of non-responders for maximal or submaximal performance following a variety of sprint interval training (SIT) protocols. Data from 63 young adults from 5 previously published studies were utilized in the current analysis. Non-responders were identified using 2 times the typical error (TE) of measurement for VO2peak (2 x TE = 1.74 mL/kg/min), lactate threshold (2 x TE = 15.7 W), or 500 kcal time to completion (TTC; 2 x TE = 306 secs) trial. TE was determined on separate groups of participants by calculating the test re-test variance for each outcome. The overall rate of non-responders for VO2peak across all participants studied was 22% (14/63) with 4 adverse responders observed. No non-responders for VO2peak were observed in studies where participants trained 4 times per week (n=18), while higher rates were observed in most studies requiring training 3 times per week (30-50%; n=45). A non-response rate of 44% (8/18) and 50% (11/22) was observed for the TTC test and lactate threshold, respectively. No significant correlations were observed between the changes in VO2peak and TTC (r = 0.014; p = 0.96) or lactate threshold (r = 0.17; p = 0.44). The current analysis demonstrates a significant incidence of non-responders for VO2peak and heterogeneity in the individual patterns of response following SIT. Additionally, these data support the importance of training dose and suggest that the incidence of non-response may mitigated by utilizing the optimal dose of SIT.
Maternal inflammation during late pregnancy is lower in physically active compared to inactive obese women
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2015-10-23) Tinius, Rachel A.; Cahill, Alison G.; Strand, Eric A.; Cade, W. Todd
Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to compare maternal plasma inflammation between physically active and inactive obese women during late pregnancy. The secondary purpose was to examine the relationships between maternal plasma inflammation and lipid metabolism and maternal and neonatal metabolic health in these women. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study design was performed in 16 obese-inactive ((OBI) age: 25.0 ± 4.8 years, pre-pregnancy BMI: 36.3 ± 4.3kg/m2, body fat percentage in late gestation: 37.7 ± 3.5%) and 16 obese-active ((OBA) age: 28.9 ± 4.8 years, pre-pregnancy BMI: 34.0±3.7kg/m2, body fat in late gestation: 36.6 ± 3.8%) women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal plasma inflammation (C -reactive protein (CRP)) and insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)) were measured at rest. Plasma lipid concentration and metabolism (lipid oxidation and lipolysis) were measured at rest, during a 30-minute bout of low-intensity (40% VO2peak) exercise, and during a resting recovery period using indirect calorimetry. Umbilical cord blood was collected for measurement of neonatal plasma insulin resistance, inflammation, and lipid concentration. Neonatal body composition was measured via air displacement plethysmography. Results: Maternal plasma CRP concentration was significantly higher in OBI compared to OBA women (9.1 ± 4.0 mg/L versus 6.3 ±2.5mg/L, p=0.02). Maternal plasma CRP concentration was significantly associated with maternal lipolysis (r=0.43, p=0.02), baseline lipid oxidation rate (r=0.39, p=0.03), and baseline plasma free fatty acid concentration (r=0.36, p=0.04). Conclusions: Maternal physical activity may reduce inflammation during pregnancy in obese women. Maternal lipid metabolism is related to systemic inflammation.

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