UofT Faculty publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1807/26426

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 195

Expanding access to higher education : a history of the Academic Bridging Program, Woodsworth College, University of Toronto.
(2024) Socknat, Thomas
A brief history of the Woodsworth College, University of Toronto, Academic Bridging program from 1967 to 2020.
Kentridge’s Beckett
(2022) Taban, Carla
Coaching in Pharmacy Education - A Narrative Literature Review
(2022) Min, Jason; Swanson, Andrea
Language Change in Hindi from a Paninian Perspective
(2022-09) Kali, Aniket; Penn, Gerald
We examine the development of Hindi from Sanskrit using a spectral analysis algorithm. These methods are exceptionally good at drawing out inconsistencies and discrepancies in a dataset, and are therefore well suited to questions around language change. Using a Hindi corpus developed from the Hindi/Urdu Treebank Project (Bhat et al., 2017) annotated in a Paninian (Sanskrit based) scheme, we contrast Panini's karaka role scheme against Hindi grammatical markers, such as postpositions. More broadly, we contribute a novel approach to uncovering and analyzing specific changes in language through time.
The Scarborough Opportunity: A comprehensive walking and cycling network
(2021-10-12) Sorensen, Andre; Bortolussi, Isaac; Chong, Ivan; Gowie, Jamila; Gowry Shankar, Nadhiena; Vigayan, Kelly Anne
This report provides recommendations to help the City of Toronto jump-start its policies for active transportation in Scarborough and achieve its policy goals for sustainability and inclusion. Active transportation — including walking, cycling, inline skating, and mobility aids such as motorized wheelchairs — is the most efficient, equitable, sustainable, and accessible form of mobility, yet existing infrastructure actively discourages it in Scarborough, and the city has made little progress in improving this situation. The report proposes a comprehensive active transportation network for Scarborough at the scale necessary to achieve existing City of Toronto policy targets. The suggestion is not that this is the only possible network, but that without a long-term plan for a comprehensive network, Toronto is unlikely to be able to significantly improve conditions for active transportation. It is past time to elevate our ambition and to transform Scarborough into a walkable, bikeable, and more livable place. The City of Toronto must develop a comprehensive active transportation plan and a realistic timeline for building pedestrian and cycling infrastructure in order to achieve the City’s policy goal of dramatically increasing the use of active transportation in Scarborough.
Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes
(Nature, 2018-11-14) Shen, Shu Yi; Singhania, Rajat; Fehringer, Gordon; Chakravarthy, Ankur; Roehrl, Michael H A; Chadwick, Dianne; Zuzarte, Philip C; Borgida, Ayelet; Wang, Ting Ting; Li, Tiantian; Kis, Olena; Zhao, Zhen; Spreafico, Anna; Medina, Tiago da Silva; Wang, Yadon; Roulois, David; Ettayebi, Ilias; Chen, Zhuo; Chow, Signy; Murphy, Tracy; Arruda, Andrea; O'Kane, Grainne M; Liu, Jessica; Mansour, Mark; McPherson, John D; O'Brien, Catherine; Leighl, Natasha; Bedard, Philippe L; Fleshner, Neil; Liu, Geoffrey; Minden, Mark D; Gallinger, Steven; Goldenberg, Anna; Pugh, Trevor J; Hoffman, Michael M; Bratman, Scott V; Hung, Rayjean J; De Carvalho, Daniel D
The use of liquid biopsies for cancer detection and management is rapidly gaining prominence1. Current methods for the detection of circulating tumour DNA involve sequencing somatic mutations using cell-free DNA, but the sensitivity of these methods may be low among patients with early-stage cancer given the limited number of recurrent mutations2-5. By contrast, large-scale epigenetic alterations-which are tissue- and cancer-type specific-are not similarly constrained6 and therefore potentially have greater ability to detect and classify cancers in patients with early-stage disease. Here we develop a sensitive, immunoprecipitation-based protocol to analyse the methylome of small quantities of circulating cell-free DNA, and demonstrate the ability to detect large-scale DNA methylation changes that are enriched for tumour-specific patterns. We also demonstrate robust performance in cancer detection and classification across an extensive collection of plasma samples from several tumour types. This work sets the stage to establish biomarkers for the minimally invasive detection, interception and classification of early-stage cancers based on plasma cell-free DNA methylation patterns.
Structural Realization with GGNNs
(2021) Zhao, Jinman; Penn, Gerald; Ling, Huan
In this paper, we define an abstract task called structural realization that generates words given a prefix of words and a partial representation of a parse tree. We also present a method for solving instances of this task using a Gated Graph Neural Network (GGNN). We evaluate it with standard accuracy measures, as well as with respect to perplexity, in which its comparison to previous work on language modelling serves to quantify the information added to a lexical selection task by the presence of syntactic knowledge. That the addition of parse-tree-internal nodes to this neural model should improve the model, with respect both to accuracy and to more conventional measures such as perplexity, may seem unsurprising, but previous attempts have not met with nearly as much success. We have also learned that transverse links through the parse tree compromise the model's accuracy at generating adjectival and nominal parts of speech.
Une Catastrophe de Rien du tout ou De 'l’anarchie de l’ imagination': Les artistes Maya Schweizer et Clemens von Wedemeyer répondent avec Beckett et Fassbinder aux émeutes des banlieues
(2019-10) Taban, Carla
In early 2006, artists Maya Schweizer and Clemens von Wedemeyer shot the film "Rien du tout" with the collaboration of youth from a local high-school, in a Parisian suburb similar to those shaken by riots in November 2005. Drawing on a rich network of artistic and cultural references among which Beckett’s "Catastrophe" and the films of Fassbinder take pride of place, "Rien du tout" relates the story of an authoritarian director and her cinematographic apparatus whose domination is eventually undermined by uncooperative extras. The fleeting image of a hybrid and egalitarian society is brought about for the viewer to contemplate and contrast with his own.
The world of the newborn
(New York: Basic Books, 1988) Maurer, Daphne; Maurer, Charles
A prominent psychologist known for her work on infant behavior and a science writer-photographer together provide a remarkable picture of infancy from the baby's own perspective.
Boncompagni Manuscripts: Present Shelfmarks (Beta 2.0)
(2019-10) Thomson, Ron B.; Folkerts, Menso
A list of the current locations for the 600+ history of science manuscripts in the nineteenth-century Boncompagni collection, dispersed by auction in 1898.
Taking path dependence seriously: an historical institutionalist research agenda in planning history
(Taylor and Francis, 2015) Sorensen, Andre
This paper outlines an historical institutionalist (HI) research agenda for planning history. HI approaches to the understanding of institutions, path dependence, positive feedback effects in public policy, and patterned processes of institutional change offer a robust theoretical framework and a valuable set of conceptual and analytic tools for the analysis of continuity and change in public policy. Yet, to date, there has been no systematic effort to incorporate historical institutionalism into planning history research. The body of the paper proposes planning history relevant definitions of institutions, path dependence, critical junctures, and incremental change processes, outlines recent HI literature applying and extending these concepts, and frames a number of research questions for planning history that these approaches suggest. A concluding section explores the potential application and leverage of HI approaches to the study of planning history and international comparative planning studies and outlines a research agenda.
Idéologie, esthétique et littérature-monde en français
(2009) Taban, Carla
The manifesto ‘Pour une “littérature-monde” en français’ (Barbery et al. 2007) signed by 44 writers and published in Le Monde des livres on 16 March 2007, on the one hand, and the companion volume of essays Pour une littérature-monde (Le Bris et Rouaud 2007) published by Gallimard two months later, on the other hand, reveal significant internal contradictions pertaining to the key notion of world-literature in French. This article discusses in depth several such contradictions, of both an ideological-discursive and aesthetic nature, in order to identify their conceptual sources.
Production of two nasal sounds by speakers with cleft palate
(SAGE, 2018-06-01) Bressmann, Tim; Radovanovic, Bojana; Harper, Susan; Klaiman, Paula; Fisher, David; Kularni, Gajanan
Hypernasal Speech Is Perceived as More Monotonous than Typical Speech
(Karger, 2018-10-01) Tardif, Monique; Berti, Larissa Cristina; Marino, Viviane Cristina de Castro; Pardo, Jennifer; Bressmann, Tim
Anecdotal clinical reports have stated that hypernasal speech sounds monotonous. However, the relationship between the perception of intonation (i.e., the fundamental frequency variation across an utterance) and hypernasality (excessive nasal resonance during the production of non-nasal sounds) has not been investigated in research. We hypothesized that auditory-perceptual ratings of intonation would be significantly lower for more hypernasal stimuli.
Data for "Handedness is a Biomarker of Variation in Anal Sex Role Behavior and Recalled Childhood Gender Nonconformity Among Gay Men"
(2016) Swift-Gallant, Ashlyn; Coome, Lindsay A.; Monks, D. Ashley; VanderLaan, Doug P.
Altered hepatic gene expression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with lower hepatic n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
(John Wiley & Sons, 2015-05) Arendt, Bianca M; Comelli, Elena M; Ma, David WL; Lou, Wendy; Teterina, Anastasia; Kim, TaeHyung; Fung, Scott K; Wong, David KH; McGilvray, Ian; Fischer, Sandra E; Allard, Johane P
In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic gene expression and fatty acid (FA) composition have been reported independently, but a comprehensive gene expression profiling in relation to FA composition is lacking. The aim was to assess this relationship. In a cross-sectional study, hepatic gene expression (Illumina Microarray) was first compared among 20 patients with simple steatosis (SS), 19 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and 24 healthy controls. The FA composition in hepatic total lipids was compared between SS and NASH, and associations between gene expression and FAs were examined. Gene expression differed mainly between healthy controls and patients (SS and NASH), including genes related to unsaturated FA metabolism. Twenty-two genes were differentially expressed between NASH and SS; most of them correlated with disease severity and related more to cancer progression than to lipid metabolism. Biologically active long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs; eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid) in hepatic total lipids were lower in NASH than in SS. This may be related to overexpression of FADS1, FADS2, and PNPLA3. The degree and direction of correlations between PUFAs and gene expression were different among SS and NASH, which may suggest that low PUFA content in NASH modulates gene expression in a different way compared with SS or, alternatively, that gene expression influences PUFA content differently depending on disease severity (SS versus NASH). Conclusion: Well-defined subjects with either healthy liver, SS, or NASH showed distinct hepatic gene expression profiles including genes involved in unsaturated FA metabolism. In patients with NASH, hepatic PUFAs were lower and associations with gene expression were different compared to SS.
Teaching Disaster Risk Management: Lessons from the Rotman School of Management
(2016) Tilcsik, András
This article describes how disaster risk management topics are taught at the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto and thus highlights opportunities for developing similar course modules on disaster risk management at other institutions. An undergraduate and MBA elective course, titled Catastrophic Failure in Organizations, contains four modules that are directly relevant to disaster risk management. The first module focuses on the need to move from risk indifference to risk sensitivity. The second module considers the importance of business continuity and crisis management plans and explores their common shortcomings. The third module uses a case study to examine the topic of prospective risk management. The fourth module focuses on the vulnerability of supply chains and other complex systems to disaster risk. The article describes the details of implementing these modules and discusses opportunities for further integration of disaster risk management topics in other parts of the curriculum.
Class Advantage, Commitment Penalty: The Gendered Effect of Social Class Signals in an Elite Labor Market
(2016) Rivera, Lauren; Tilcsik, Andras
Research on the mechanisms that reproduce social class advantages in the United States has focused primarily on formal schooling and paid less attention to social class discrimination in labor markets. We conducted a résumé audit study to examine the effect of social class signals on entry into large American law firms. We sent applications from fictitious students at selective but non-elite law schools to 316 law firm offices in fourteen cities, randomly assigning signals of social class background and gender to otherwise identical résumés. Higher-class male applicants received significantly more callbacks than higher-class women, lower-class women, and lower-class men. A survey experiment and interviews with lawyers at large firms suggest that, relative to lower-class applicants, higher-class candidates are seen as better fits with the elite culture and clientele of large law firms. But, while higher-class men receive a corresponding overall boost in evaluations, higher-class women do not because they face a competing, negative stereotype portraying them as less committed to full-time, intensive careers. This commitment penalty faced by higher-class women offsets class-based advantages these applicants may receive in evaluations. Consequently, signals of higher-class origin provide an advantage for men but not women in this elite labor market.
The Geography of Stigma Management: The Relationship between Sexual Orientation, City Size, and Self-monitoring
(2016-01) Knight, Carly; Tilcsik, Andras; Anteby, Michel
This study examines whether self-monitoring—a ubiquitous social psychological construct that captures the extent to which individuals regulate their self-presentation to match the expectation of others—varies across demographic and social contexts. Building on Erving Goffman’s classic insights on stigma management, the authors expect that the propensity for self-monitoring will be greater among sexual minorities, especially in areas where the stigma surrounding minority sexual orientations is strong. The authors’ survey of U.S. adults shows that sexual minorities report significantly higher levels of self-monitoring than heterosexuals and that this difference disappears in large cities. These findings speak to sociological research on self-presentation, with implications for the literatures on identity formation, stigma management, and labor markets.
Whitened Résumés: Race and Self-Presentation in the Labor Market
(2016-03) Kang, Sonia; DeCelles, Katherine; Tilcsik, Andras; Jun, Sora
Using interviews, a laboratory experiment, and a résumé audit study, we examine racial minorities’ attempts to avoid anticipated discrimination in labor markets by concealing or downplaying racial cues in job applications, a practice known as ‘‘résumé whitening.’’ Interviews with racial minority university students reveal that while some minority job seekers reject this practice, others view it as essential and use a variety of whitening techniques. Building on the qualitative findings, we conduct a lab study to examine how racial minority job seekers change their résumés in response to different job postings. Results show that when targeting an employer that presents itself as valuing diversity, minority job applicants engage in relatively little résumé whitening and thus submit more racially transparent résumés. Yet our audit study of how employers respond to whitened and unwhitened résumés shows that organizational diversity statements are not actually associated with reduced discrimination against unwhitened résumés. Taken together, these findings suggest a paradox: minorities may be particularly likely to experience disadvantage when they apply to ostensibly pro-diversity employers. These findings illuminate the role of racial concealment and transparency in modern labor markets and point to an important interplay between the self-presentation of employers and the self-presentation of job seekers in shaping economic inequality.

Browse

Recent Submissions