Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy
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TThe Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy unites people who are passionate to address the problems of a fast-changing world.
Exceptional faculty and experts from around the world continue to gravitate to the Munk School. There are more than 230 affiliated faculty engaged in teaching and research, many of whom have cross-appointments in other faculties.
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Item 1997 declaration of the environment leaders of the eight on children's environmental health; Chair's summary; May 5-6, 1997(1997-05-05)Environment Leaders' Summit of the Eight, Miami, FloridaItem The 2001 G8 compliance report(2001-07-07) Kirton, John ; Kokotsis, Ella ; Juricevic, Diana2001 Genoa SummitItem The 2001 G8 Foreign Ministers meeting: prospects and potential(2001-07-18) Kirton, John2001 Genoa SummitItem 26th Trade Ministers' quadrilateral meeting; May 3-6, 1995(1995-05-03)Whistler, BC [United States, Canada, Japan, European Union]Item 27th Trade Ministers' quadrilateral meeting; October 20-21, 1995(1995-10-20)Sir Leon Brittan, Vice President of the European Commission, issued the following statement as Chairman of the 27th Quadrilateral Trade Minsters' meeting in Yorkshire, United Kingdom, on October 21, 1995. Also attending the meeting were Roy MacLaren, Canada's Minister for International Trade, Mickey Kantor, U.S. Trade Representative, and Ryutaro Hashimoto, Japanese Deputy Prime Minister and Trade Minister.Item 29th Trade Ministers' quadrilateral, Chairperson's summary; September 27-28, 1996(1996-09-27)29th Trade Ministers' Quadrilateral, SeattleItem 30th Trade Ministers' quadrilateral meeting; April 30 - May 2, 1997(1997-04-30)Toronto; Ministers from Canada, the European Union, Japan and the United States met in Toronto for the 30th Quadrilateral Meeting to review developments in international trade since the Singapore Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and to consider future directions in international trade in an evolving world economy.Item 33rd Trade Ministers' quadrilateral meeting; May 11-12, 1999(1999-05-11)Tokyo; Ministers from Canada, the European Union, Japan and the United States met in Tokyo for the 33rd Quadrilateral Trade Ministers Meeting to review recent developments in international trade and investment and to discuss preparations for the Third Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization in Seattle at the end of this year.Item Abandoning Silos: How Innovative Governments are Collaborating Horizontally to Solve Complex Problems(Mowat Centre for Policy Innovation, 2018-12) Urban, Michael C.The complex challenges that governments at all levels are facing today cut across long-standing and well-defined government boundaries and organizational structures. Solving these problems therefore requires a horizontal approach. This report looks at how such an approach can be successfully implemented. There are a number of key obstacles to effective horizontal collaboration in government, ranging from misaligned professional incentive structures to incompatible computer systems. But a number of governments – Estonia, the UK, and New Zealand – have all recently introduced innovative initiatives that are succeeding in creatively tackling these complex horizontal challenges. In each case, this is delivering critical benefits – reduced government costs and regulatory burdens, getting more out of existing personnel while recruiting more high quality professionals, or providing new and impactful data-driven insights that are helping improve the quality of human services. How are they achieving this? We answer this question by using an analytical framework organized along three fundamental dimensions: governance (structuring accountability and responsibility), people (managing culture and personnel), and data (collecting, transmitting and using information). In each of our three cases, we show how specific steps taken along one of these dimensions can help overcome important obstacles that commonly arise and, in so doing, enable successful horizontal collaboration.Item Access to Affordable Housing(Mowat Centre for Policy Innovation, 2015-03) Zon, NoahThis report examines the pressures on access to affordable housing in Canada and the options available to address housing needs. A place to live is the most significant expense for the average Canadian household. Yet, about 1 in 7 Canadian households cannot find decent housing without spending over 30 per cent of their income. This undermines their ability to improve their lives and has an impact on economic growth, labour markets, social service costs and public safety.Item Accountability Officers and Integrity in Canadian Municipal Government(Institute on Municipal Finance and Governance, 2017-03-29) Sancton, AndrewIn theory, governments in Canada are held to account by elections and, to a lesser extent, by the courts. But these are blunt instruments and they are not of much help in dealing with particular cases of maladministration, individual grievance, or unethical behaviour. In response, many governments have established various independent accountability officer positions. In the past two decades, these positions have become more common in major Canadian municipal governments. By 2006, municipal legislation in Ontario had established five kinds of accountability officer: auditor general, ombudsman, integrity commissioner, lobbyist registrar, and closed meeting investigator. The functions of each office are outlined in this paper and examples are presented of how the offices have operated in Ontario and elsewhere. Particular attention is paid to the following non-Ontario cities: Calgary, Vancouver, Winnipeg, and Halifax. The role of integrity commissioners is examined in special detail, because they must make rulings about sensitive, sometimes controversial, issues relating to the ethical standards we expect of our local elected officials. The examples here illustrate these officers’ authority to impose penalties, the need for them to follow due process and principles of natural justice, and the problems caused if their investigations overlap with other investigations into the same behaviour.Item Actions against abuse of the global financial system(2000-07-21)Report from G7 Finance Ministers to the Heads of State and Government. Okinawa, Japan.Item Active aging(1999-05) Schmidt, Lorna ; Schmidt, AllisonUofT G8 Information Centre: Analytical StudiesItem Addressing the Fairness of Municipal User Fee Policy(Institute on Municipal Finance and Governance, 2021-07-08) Tassonyi, Almos; Kitchen, HarryUser fees are one of the principal funding mechanisms for a range of municipal services where the users can be identified and the amount of service provided can be measured. In general, policy related to the design of fees has been based on the “benefits-received” principle, sometimes modified using policy based on “ability-to-pay” criteria. This paper provides details on where user fees are used by municipalities in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area and elsewhere in the province of Ontario, their design, and where implementation could be considered. The inclusion of the design of fee policy as an element of municipal strategies to alleviate poverty is also reviewed. This discussion is put into the context of recent federal initiatives in the measurement of the distribution of income and the incidence of poverty. Examples of policy and strategy are drawn from municipalities elsewhere in Canada. This review is especially pertinent in the context of responding to the challenges posed to municipalities by the Covid-19 pandemic.Item Ade Adefuye of the Commonwealth Secretariat discussing the G8 and Africa(2005-07-08T19:34:54Z) Rusinek, JeremyGleneagles, Scotland, United Kingdom, July 6-8, 2005Item Affordable Housing in Ontario: Mobilizing Private Capital in an Era of Public Constraint(Institute on Municipal Finance and Governance, 2013-04-11) Côté, André; Tam, HowardHow do local governments create the conditions for greater private participation in affordable housing in Ontario? The purpose of affordable housing is relatively simple: to provide adequate shelter for people at a range of incomes who cannot reasonably afford to pay the market rate. But the economics of affordable housing is complex and there is no “free lunch.” Somebody has to pay the difference between the affordable rates and the market price. Traditionally, governments largely filled this gap through large capital and operating investments, shelter allowances for individuals or other funding. This traditional model appears less suited to today’s challenges. Four pathways to increasing private participation in affordable housing are discussed: Levers to Make Affordable Rental and Ownership Models Work, including tax reforms and credits, or inclusionary housing models that use public lands and other incentives. Investment Vehicles for the Social Housing Sector such as mortgage refinancing, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), or emerging social finance instruments. Incentives to Maintain Private Rental Supply like improved rent dispute processes, expedited property tax equalization, or enhanced financing for repairs and retrofits. Creating the Conditions for Private Participation by ensuring fair and consistent market conditions, and by building on the success of public-private partnership (P3) models. Case studies also highlight affordable housing models in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia, all of which face similar housing affordability challenges and fiscal constraints.Item Item Agrarian Class Formation in Upland Sulawesi, 1990‐2010(Canada Research Chair in Asian Studies, 2010) Li, Tania M.Since colonial times, there have been reports of rapid class formation on Southeast Asia’s forest frontiers, when people start to plant cash crops and became indebted to co‐villagers and traders. Colonial officials were often alarmed at the enthusiasm of highlanders for the latest boom crop, and their neglect of food production. Stable mixes of food and cash crop production did emerge in some areas, especially where land was abundant, but where land was scarce, class differentiation could be steep and rapid. This paper provides an ethnographic account of class formation, tracked over a period of twenty years in one corner of highland Sulawesi. In 1990, the indigenous highlanders all had access to ancestral land on which they grew rice and corn as food, together with tobacco or shallots for cash. By 2009, the land was covered in cacao and clove trees, and few people were growing any food at all. Some farmers had accumulated large areas of land, while many of their neighbours and kin had become landless and jobless too, as there is little demand for their labour. In contrast to lowland areas in which class‐based divisions are entrenched, highlanders had no previous experience with agrarian differentiation. Hence, they had no mechanisms to prevent the accumulation of land in a few hands, claim a right to work, or spread the profits. The paper explains why the transition occurred so quickly, and how the highlanders handled the increasingly unequal social world their actions created. It also considers the consequences of landlessness at a conjuncture where the forest frontier has closed, and there is no industrial development to generate new jobs. A truncated agrarian transition in which exit from agriculture is not followed by entry into wage work, makes livelihoods radically insecure.Item Agrarian Transition in Northern Thailand (1966-2006): from Peri-urban to Mountain Margins(Canada Research Chair in Asian Studies, 2009) Bruneau, MichelThis study focuses on agrarian transition in four Northern Thailand villages, located both in periurban area and mountain margins, on a relatively long period of 36 to 40 years (1966-2006). Small handicraft or semi-industrial businesses that were not around in 1970 are now found in the remote villages. Forest environment protection measures are resulting from NGO interventions since 2000 and State aid: stop in slash and burn agriculture, construction of small dams, fire prevention corridors development and night surveillance in critical times. In peri-urban villages, businesses located in the neighbouring town or villages provide home working or attract workers from the village. This explains increase in non-agricultural income, as well as seasonal or temporary labour mobility, in these villages whose appearance still remains essentially rural. The vast majority of households and individuals rely either on both agricultural and non-agricultural activities or solely on non-agricultural ones. However, agriculture is still present, including subsistence rice culture, as a way of life or cultural fact (inherited community structures), even though population practicing this activity is aging.Item Agrarian Transitions in Sarawak: Intensification and Expansion Reconsidered(Canada Research Chair in Asian Studies, 2009) Cramb, Rob A.Sarawak, in Malaysian Borneo, has experienced the rapid conversion of forested land to large‐scale plantation agriculture in the past two decades, suggesting that capitalist agricultural expansion has been the driving force in the agrarian transition taking place. This paper draws on the seminal work of Ester Boserup to re‐examine the notions of agricultural intensification and expansion as they apply to agrarian change in a sparsely populated frontier territory such as Sarawak. By adopting a more detailed historical and geographical perspective, it is possible to discern three major agrarian transitions in Sarawak – the transition to shifting cultivation, the transition to smallholder cash crops, and the transition to large‐scale plantation agriculture. These transitions are partly overlapping in time and space, resulting in a layering, not only of different land‐use systems, but also of claims to tenure and territory, giving rise to a more highly contested and differentiated landscape than implied in a simple view of agricultural expansion. The paper concludes that expansionist agrarian policies that fail to acknowledge this complex historical and geographical layering invariably encounter the kinds of conflict, resistance, and losses experienced during the third agrarian transition in Sarawak.