Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work

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The Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work at the University of Toronto is Canada’s first school of social work. The Faculty is distinguished by its emphasis on the integration of research and practice in both the classroom and practicum education.

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Future Directions for Urban Social Planning in Canada
(UBC Planning Papers, School of Community and Regional Planning, 1987-04) Hulchanski, David J; Drover, G
This is an article which attempts to outline future directions for urban social planning in Canada, taking into account the growth of the welfare state, alternative economic developments and urban demographic trends. The potential of social planning is that it provides a means by which the local is linked to the global in a manner which is democratically acceptable. The possible scenarios which we outline depend upon differing perspectives of the future role of the welfare state.
Barriers to Equal Access in the Housing Market: The Role of Discrimination on the Basis of Race and Gender
(1993-11) Hulchanski, David J
This discussion of the nature of and reasons for barriers to equal access to housing in Canadian housing markets focuses on Metropolitan Toronto's rental housing market. The paper argues that all people do not have equal access to rental housing because discrimination is found in the rental market as it is throughout society. All types of discrimination exist in a system of mutual support, and there is nothing special about housing markets to protect them from the forms of discrimination that permeate the rest of society. Discrimination in the rental market takes the form not only of denial of access to housing units, thereby limiting the number, type and location of options available to certain groups, but can include the extraction of a financial premium for access. The premium can be in the form of higher rent or key money.
The Use of Housing Expenditure-to-Income Ratios: Origins, Evolution and Implications
(1994-03) Hulchanski, David J
Discrimination in Ontario's Rental Housing Market: The Role of Minimum Income Criteria
(1994-03) Hulchanski, David J
How Households Obtain Resources to Meet their Needs: The Shifting Mix of Cash and Non-Cash Sources
(1994-03) Hulchanski, David J; Michalski, Joseph H
Estimating Homelessness: Towards a Methodology for Counting the Homeless in Canada
(1996) Peressini, Tracy; McDonald, Lynn; Hulchanski, David J
Market Mechanisms and Consumer Involvement in the Delivery of Mental Health Services: A UK-US Comparison
(Western Michigan University School of Social Work, 1996-03) Shera, Wes
Both the United Kingdom and the United States Are in the midst of health care reform. By focusing on services for the severely mentally ill this paper compares recent developments in managed care in the U.S. and care management in the U.K. It particularly focuses on the use of market mechanisms and consumer involvement in these reforms.
Comments on the Ontario Consultation paper on Rent Decontrol
(1996-08-22) Hulchanski, David J
The Economics of Rental Housing Supply and Rent Decontrol in Ontario
(Centre for Urban and Community Studies, 1997-06-26) Hulchanski, David J
Housing and Population Health: A review of the Literature
(1999-05) Hwang, Stephen; Fuller-Thomson, Esme; Hulchanski, David J; Bryant, Toba; Habib, Youssef; Regoeczi, Wendy
Research into the relationship between housing and health has frequently been narrowly focused, fragmented, and of marginal practical relevance to either housing or health studies. Population health research, in its reference to the importance of the social and physical environment, rarely mentions housing. While it has been recognized for some time that there is a need for the development of a coordinated, integrated and cumulative body of housing and health research, there is still very little formal co-ordination between housing policy and population health policy. More attention needs to be paid to measuring the nature and extent to which better housing might improve population health. This is not an easy task. Because of the lack of a general theory of the mechanisms by which housing affects population health, serious methodological difficulties are associated with multidisciplinary research on the topic. The ways in which housing research may advance our understanding of public health include: • illuminating the environmental precursors of disease; • exposing the mechanisms which "sort" households according to health status into different parts of the housing stock, affecting access to the wide range of employment opportunities, services, and resources that are also unevenly distributed in space; and • exploring the interface of housing provision and health care policies
The Invisible Retirement of Women
(SEDAP - McMaster University, 2002) McDonald, Lynn
In tracing the history of retirement in Canada it is evident that retirements is a social institution that reflects the social forces that defined the 20th century - the rise of industrialism, the devastation of the Great Depression and World War II, the growth of welfare, economic globalization, the spread of mass unemployment and the fiscal crisis of the welfare state. It is also the history of men's retirement, not women's retirement. With the increase in the labour force participation rates of women, it is only recently that retirement has become a meaningful concept to apply to some women. Indeed, the concept of retirement has no particular meaning outside of paid labour and pension policy. It also has little meaning in the context of serial employment over a lifetime. By employing a gendered relations approach to the history of retirement in Canada it rapidly becomes evident that retirement is not a concept one would readily apply to women over the course of its early development. Preceded by "stepping down", retirement in most historical accounts means leaving the paid labour force with a pension, the latter factor making labour force withdrawal economically feasible. In reviewing the women's behaiour patterns in relation to men's from pre-industrial times to the 1960s, the most that can be said is that women were invisible in the development of retirement because its evolution into a social institution occurred within the context of the labour market where women were least likely to be found. Women's retirement was tied to the breadwinner model of the family, a model embedded in the Annuities Act of 1908 and operationalized in the administration of the Old Age Pension Act of 1927. In tracing the history of retirement, it seems clear that retirement was a asocial institution developed mainly for men. Women were, at most, ancillary to the process. An analysis of the history of women's retirement is important for mean reasons. The history of women and retirements indicates that a model of women's retirement must be driven by theory that, at minimum, takes into account gender relations and the concomitant gender system as it changes over time. Such a model might help explain why women have spent the last twenty years playing "pension catch-up" to men, or might explain how the progressive erosion of the breadwinner model is likely to affect women's retirement in the future (Beck, 1992; Giddens, 1992; Beck and Beck-Gernsheim, 1995).
Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect 1998 (OIS-1998)
(Centre of Excellence for Child Welfare, 2002) Trocmé, Nico; Fallon, Barbara; MacLaurin, Bruce; Daciuk, Joanne; Bartholomew, Sharon; Ortiz, Jairo; Thompson, Julie; Helfrich, Warren; Billingsley, Diane
The 1998 Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (OIS 1998) is the second Ontario study to examine the incidence of reported child maltreatment and the characteristics of children and families investigated by the province’s children’s aid societies. The study used a multistage sampling design to select a representative sample of 13 child welfare service areas across Ontario and track maltreatment investigations conducted by the selected sites from October to December 1998. The final sample of 3,053 investigations was used to derive province-wide estimates of the scope and characteristics of child maltreatment investigations. The OIS 1998 was conducted in conjunction with the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS 1998), with funding from the provincial government to collect information from a larger Ontario sample. The OIS 1998 includes contextual information about factors associated with key child welfare service decisions and provides the basis for comparison with the 1993 Ontario Incidence Study. The OIS 1998 describes the study methodology and results, and presents major findings with regard to the incidence of abuse and neglect, characteristics of maltreatment, investigation outcomes, child and household characteristics, referral and agency characteristics, and recommendations for further research.
The Changing Face of Child Welfare Investigations in Ontario: Ontario Incidence Studies of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (OIS 1993/1998)
(Centre of Excellence for Child Welfare, 2002) Trocmé, Nico; Fallon, Barbara; MacLaurin, Bruce; Copp, Barbara
The Changing Face of Child Welfare Investigations in Ontario: Ontario Incidence Studies of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (OIS 1993/1998) analyzes the changing profile of child welfare investigations in the province through a comparison between the OIS 1993 and OIS 1998. These Ontario studies examine the incidence of reported child maltreatment and the characteristics of children and families investigated by the province’s children’s aid societies. Following a review of some of the recent changes that have been made to child welfare legislation, funding and procedures in Ontario, the OIS 1993/1998 examines changes in the types and severity of investigated maltreatment, as well as the age and gender of investigated children, sources of referrals and outcomes of investigations. Rates of substantiated maltreatment documented by the 1993 and 1998 Ontario incidence studies have doubled in the past five years. While increasing public awareness and changes in investigation procedures appear to account for part of this change, the increase also reflects a significant shift in the types of maltreatment being investigated and substantiated. Exposure to domestic violence has increased nine-fold and the proportion of neglect cases has more than doubled, while cases of sexual abuse are decreasing. A differentiated response is required to address the maltreatment-specific challenges underlying the child welfare caseload increases in Canada.
The Economic Legacy of Divorced and Separated Women in Old Age
(SEDAP - McMaster University, 2003) McDonald, Lynn; Robb, A. Leslie
Although progress has been made over the last 20 years, the burden of a low income in old age is still carried by unattached women. Few researchers, however, have examined exactly where the burden of poverty falls within the category of unattached older women or the nature of this poverty. Like any other group of older Canadians, unattached women are not a homogenous population. The category of ‘unattached’ includes the separated, divorced, widowed and ever single, all of whom face different circumstances in old age because of differences over the life course. Using SLID data we examine income and sources of income from 1993 to 1999 to identify differences among these groups. The findings indicate that the separated and divorced are the poorest of all older unattached women in Canada. A key source of the difference is the growth in private pension incomes.
Rooming House Residents: Challenging the Stereotypes
(Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, 2003-06) Hwang, Stephen; Martin, Rochelle; Hulchanski, J. David; Tolomiczenko, George
Intersections Between Grief and Trauma: Toward an Empirically Based Model for Treating Traumatic Grief
(Oxford University Press, 2004) Regehr, Cheryl; Sussman, Tamara
Two divergent areas of study have focused on the experiences of grief, i.e., bereavement, and on trauma and its aftermath. The grief literature has its foundations in psychodynamic and relational theories, and thus treatment modalities have focused on resolving relationship issues through reminiscence and developing a new sense of the relationship and of the self, independent of the lost loved one. The trauma literature, while having some psychodynamic roots, has been founded primarily on biological and cognitive formulations. Again, while many different treatments are discussed, cognitive-behavioral approaches based on cognitive restructuring and symptom management dominate the practice efficacy literature. But trauma and bereavement/loss are not mutually exclusive, and when a practitioner is faced with a client suffering from both, it is necessary to attempt to integrate these divergent theories and at times antithetical treatment approaches. This paper therefore seeks to address the issue of treatment efficacy in traumatic loss and develop guidelines for evidence-based approaches to practice.
Race (and Gender and Class) and Child Custody: Theorizing Intersections in Two Canadian Court Cases
(Indiana University Press, 2004) Williams, Charmaine C
In the summer of 2001, the Canadian media devoted attention to two court cases that resulted in mothers losing custody of their children. Kimberly Van de Perre and Nadia Hama might have been overlooked if the presentation of their cases had not evoked discussion regarding the relevance of claims of racism in custody decisions. Analysis of the media narrative reveals that the narrow focus on race distorted perceptions of these family situations, and contributed to the marginalization of the two single mothers involved. This paper examines this process to explore how an analysis based on multiple identities, and simultaneous existence and privilege, may have led to different outcomes for these two families
Violence against women in the context of mental illness: Hidden costs for sisters who are caregivers
(Innana Publications and Education Inc, 2004) Williams, Charmaine C
Ce papier examine la violence faite aux femmes dans le contexte de la sante mentale en etudiant Les cas d'aide apportee au malade par Les membres de la famille. L 'histoire de cas de trois femmes demontre comment la violence est entree dans la famille et a laisse des sequelles qu 'el/es apporteront avec elles dans leur role de futures soignantes.
HIV Prevention Among Sex Workers in India
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2004-07-01) Basu, Ishika; Jana, Smarajit; Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane; Swendeman, Dallas; Lee, Sung-Jae; Newman, Peter A; Weiss, Robert
To test the efficacy of a sustainable community-level HIV intervention among sex workers, the Sonagachi Project was replicated, including community organizing and advocacy, peer education, condom social marketing, and establishment of a health clinic. Sex workers were randomly selected in 2 small urban communities in northeastern India (n = 100 each) and assessed every 5–6 months over 15 months (85% retention). Overall condom use increased significantly in the intervention community (39%) compared with the control community (11%), and the proportion of consistent condom users increased 25% in the intervention community compared with a 16% decrease in the control community. This study supports the efficacy of the Sonagachi model intervention in increasing condom use and maintaining low HIV prevalence among sex workers.
Canadian Incidence Study (CIS) of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect—2003
(Sheridan Scholarly Output, Research, and Creative Excellence, 2005) Black, Tara; Chaze, Ferzana; Fallon, Barbara; MacLaurin, Bruce

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