Sun, Yu-ChenWan, YimeiNam, RyanChu, MarcoNaguib, Hani E2022-07-082022-07-082019-12-10Sun, Yu-Chen, Yimei Wan, Ryan Nam, Marco Chu, and Hani E. Naguib. "4D-printed hybrids with localized shape memory behaviour: Implementation in a functionally graded structure." Scientific reports 9, no. 1 (2019): 1-13.2045-2322http://hdl.handle.net/1807/123638The version of record of this article, first published in [Journal name], is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55298-14D-printed materials are an emerging field of research because the physical structure of these novel materials respond to environmental changes. 3D printing techniques have been employed to print a base material with shape memory properties. Geometrical deformations can be observed once an external stimulus triggers the shape memory effect (SME) integrated into the material. The plasticizing effect is a well-known phenomenon where the microscopic polymer chain movements have been altered and reflected in different shape memory behaviour. It has been suggested that a 4D material with localized actuation behaviour can be fabricated by utilizing functionally graded layers made from different degrees of plasticizing. This study demonstrated that a novel 4D material can be fabricated from material extraction continuous printing technique with different loadings of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) plasticize, achieving localized thermal recovery. The results indicate that a plasticized functional layer is an effective technique for creating next generation 4D materials.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Article10.1038/s41598-019-55298-1