Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Conventional and Alternative Heavy-duty Trucks: Literature Review and Harmonization

Abstract

Globally, heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) contribute an increasing share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Switching to alternative HDTs has the potential to mitigate HDT GHG emissions. Studies have evaluated the decarbonization potential of alternative HDTs through life cycle assessments (LCAs). However, these studies used varying study design parameters and assumptions and obtained inconsistent results, making it challenging to generalize findings. In this thesis, I conducted a literature review to examine the results and assumptions in 28 HDT LCAs and identify inconsistencies and best practices for future studies; moreover, I conducted HDT LCA harmonization to evaluate GHG impacts for alternative HDTs and identify sources of variations in HDT GHG emissions reported in the LCAs. An HDT LCA data inventory and a harmonization framework were developed, further, recommendations for future HDT LCAs and policies for HDT decarbonization were provided. The results are expected to facilitate the evaluation and reduction of HDT GHG emissions.