Bioanalytical Approaches to Investigate Antioxidant Molecules and Nucleic Acid-Protein Interactions in Alzheimer's Disease
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, responsible for 60-80% of all diagnoses. Herein, we reviewed AD, concentrating on the five main factors that influence its onset (Chapter 1). Then, we introduced biosensors, reviewing the fundamentals of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electroanalytical techniques (Chapter 2). Next, we investigated the antioxidant activity of polyphenols and repurposed therapeutics (RPTs) for potential agents to combat oxidative stress associated with AD (Chapter 3). We then shifted our attention to investigate the ApoE4-SirT1 oligonucleotide interaction. Using electroanalytical techniques (Chapter 4) and SPR (Chapter 5), we showed that ApoE4 interacted with ssDNA but not dsDNA corresponding to the SirT1-promoter sequence. Furthermore, we showed the interaction with ssDNA was isoform specific amongst the ApoE isoforms. At present, we cannot comment on the biological implications of such an interaction, however, our findings have identified a possible ApoE4 aptamer with potential applications in biosensor technology.
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