2023

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1807/126403

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Open Access
Effects of partial replacement of fishmeal with dried porcine soluble on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal score in weaning pig
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-10-24) Hossain, Md Mortuza; Cho, Sung Bo; Kim, In Ho
Dried porcine solubles (DPS) is the by-product obtained during the extraction of heparin from the porcine mucosa of the small intestine. The effects of partially replacing fishmeal with DPS in weaning pig diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial count, and fecal score was investigated here. A total of 70 crossbred [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] weaning pigs were divided into two dietary treatment groups. Dietary treatments, CON: 3% fishmeal; DPS: 1.5% fishmeal and 1.5% dried porcine solubles. Average daily gain was tended to increase (p
Open Access
Effect of dietary nitrogen content and ammonium phosphate inclusion on lysine requirement for nitrogen retention in growing pigs
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-12-28) Buchinski, Miranda J; Wellington, Michael O; Camire, Carley M; Panisson, Josiane C; Shoveller , Anna K; Columbus, Daniel Allan
Inclusion of a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) may improve essential amino acid (EAA) and nitrogen (N) utilization in N-limiting diets. Growing barrows (20.4 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 10 dietary treatments (n=9 pigs/treatment) in 9 blocks. Diets contained no ammonium phosphate (NAP) or 1.7% ammonium phosphate (AP) to have an EAA-N:total N ratio of 0.36 and 0.33, respectively, with graded levels of dietary Lys [0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1% and 1.2% standardized ileal digestible (SID)]. Following a 7-d dietary adaptation, a 4-d N-balance collection period was conducted. Blood samples were obtained on d 2 of the collection period. Nitrogen-retention increased and urinary N output decreased with inclusion of NPN and increasing Lys (P
Open Access
An Assessment of the Environmental Sustainability of Beef Production in Canada
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-11-20) Aboagye, Isaac Asante; Valappil, Gayathri; Dutta, Baishali; Imbeault-Tétreault, Hugues; Ominski, Kim; Cordeiro, Marcos; Kröbel, Roland; Pogue, Sarah; McAllister, Tim A.
This study assessed the environmental impacts of beef cattle production and their effects on the overall sustainability of Canadian beef production. Cradle to farm gate, cradle to processor’s gate, and cradle to consumer plate life cycle assessments were carried out to quantify greenhouse gases (GHG), resource use (i.e., water, land, and fuel), and potential water and air pollution (i.e., freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial acidification and photochemical oxidants formation). Across the production chain, feed production had the greatest impact on most environmental indicators. The GHG intensity without dairy meat was estimated as 10.4 kg CO2-eq/kg live weight (LW), corresponding to 32.8 kg CO2-eq/kg consumed boneless beef. Including dairy meat reduced GHG intensity by 5.8% (0.6 kg CO2-eq/kg LW) compared to when it was excluded. Other environmental metrics per kg of LW were 657 L, 38.7 m2 annual crop-eq, 0.4 kg oil-eq, 2.6 kg P-eq, 115.9 kg SO2-eq, and 8.7 kg NOx-eq for water use, land use, fossil fuel use, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial acidification, and photochemical oxidants, respectively. Data provide benchmarks for use in future regional and national assessments that are designed to encourage the adoption of sustainable management practices that can lower the environmental footprint of Canadian beef production.
Open Access
The effects of cricket meal (Gryllus sigillatus) on the meat quality, growth, and internal morphology of broiler chickens
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-12-18) Fisher, Holly J.; Empey, Madelaine; MacIsaac, Janice L; Rathgeber, Bruce; Mason, Beth; Colombo, Stefanie M.; Collins, Stephanie Anne
Cricket (Gryllus sigillatus) meal (CM) was fed to Ross 308 broiler chickens (n=624 total; 26 birds/pen) at dietary inclusion rates of 0% (non-medicated control; NM), 0% (medicated control; 0.05% virginiamycin, 0.03% monensin), 5, 10, 15, and 20% CM (non-medicated) for 35 days to determine the impact of this novel feed ingredient on the growth, feed intake, organ indices, and meat quality of these chickens. The final average live weight of broilers fed 5% CM was lower than broilers fed the 10% CM (P
Open Access
Effect of dietary almond hull on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal score, and noxious gas emission in growing pigs.
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-12-06) Ahammad, Golam Sagir; Lim, Chai Bin; Kim, In Ho
In a 42-day study, 195 growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) weighing 23.83 ± 1.95 kg were randomly divided into three treatments, each with 13 replicates and five pigs (3 barrows and 2 gilts) per pen. The treatments were: Control (CON) - basal diet, and basal diet with 3% and 6% almond hull as treatment (TRT) 1 and 2, respectively. The results show a significant increase (p
Open Access
Effect of dietary nitrogen content and ammonium phosphate inclusion on lysine requirement for nitrogen retention in growing pigs
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-12-28) Buchinski, Miranda J; Wellington, Michael O; Camire, Carley M; Panisson, Josiane C; Shoveller , Anna K; Columbus, Daniel Allan
Inclusion of a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) may improve essential amino acid (EAA) and nitrogen (N) utilization in N-limiting diets. Growing barrows (20.4 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 10 dietary treatments (n=9 pigs/treatment) in 9 blocks. Diets contained no ammonium phosphate (NAP) or 1.7% ammonium phosphate (AP) to have an EAA-N:total N ratio of 0.36 and 0.33, respectively, with graded levels of dietary Lys [0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1% and 1.2% standardized ileal digestible (SID)]. Following a 7-d dietary adaptation, a 4-d N-balance collection period was conducted. Blood samples were obtained on d 2 of the collection period. Nitrogen-retention increased and urinary N output decreased with inclusion of NPN and increasing Lys (P
Open Access
An Assessment of the Environmental Sustainability of Beef Production in Canada
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-11-20) Aboagye, Isaac Asante; Valappil, Gayathri; Dutta, Baishali; Imbeault-Tétreault, Hugues; Ominski, Kim; Cordeiro, Marcos; Kröbel, Roland; Pogue, Sarah; McAllister, Tim A.
This study assessed the environmental impacts of beef cattle production and their effects on the overall sustainability of Canadian beef production. Cradle to farm gate, cradle to processor’s gate, and cradle to consumer plate life cycle assessments were carried out to quantify greenhouse gases (GHG), resource use (i.e., water, land, and fuel), and potential water and air pollution (i.e., freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial acidification and photochemical oxidants formation). Across the production chain, feed production had the greatest impact on most environmental indicators. The GHG intensity without dairy meat was estimated as 10.4 kg CO2-eq/kg live weight (LW), corresponding to 32.8 kg CO2-eq/kg consumed boneless beef. Including dairy meat reduced GHG intensity by 5.8% (0.6 kg CO2-eq/kg LW) compared to when it was excluded. Other environmental metrics per kg of LW were 657 L, 38.7 m2 annual crop-eq, 0.4 kg oil-eq, 2.6 kg P-eq, 115.9 kg SO2-eq, and 8.7 kg NOx-eq for water use, land use, fossil fuel use, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial acidification, and photochemical oxidants, respectively. Data provide benchmarks for use in future regional and national assessments that are designed to encourage the adoption of sustainable management practices that can lower the environmental footprint of Canadian beef production.
Open Access
Effect of dietary almond hull on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal score, and noxious gas emission in growing pigs.
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-12-06) Ahammad, Golam Sagir; Lim, Chai Bin; Kim, In Ho
In a 42-day study, 195 growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) weighing 23.83 ± 1.95 kg were randomly divided into three treatments, each with 13 replicates and five pigs (3 barrows and 2 gilts) per pen. The treatments were: Control (CON) - basal diet, and basal diet with 3% and 6% almond hull as treatment (TRT) 1 and 2, respectively. The results show a significant increase (p
Open Access
Prediction of ileal digestible phosphorus in broiler chicken diets supplemented with exogenous phytase
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-12-06) Sung, Jung; Adeola, O.
The objectives were to develop equations for predicting ileal digestible phosphorus (P) based on non-phytate P, phytate P, calcium to non-phytate P ratio, and exogenous phytase concentrations in broiler diets, and to evaluate the accuracy of the models. The Modified Michaelis–Menten model was used to predict apparent (AID) or standardized ileal digestible (SID) P in broiler diets. Two different methods were used to analyze 25 published ileal digestible P data to evaluate the accuracy of the equation for predicting AID P. The first method assessed mean and linear biases. While the mean bias was significant (P
Open Access
Dietary Bacillus subtilis-and Clostridium butyricum-based probiotics supplement improves growth and meat quality, and alters microbiota in the excreta of broiler chickens
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-09-13) Zhang, Qianqian; Cho, Sung Bo; Kibria, Sumya Qianqian; Kim, In Ho
This study investigated the effects of the multi-probiotics consisting of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) with varying doses (0, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and cecal microbes of male broiler chickens. Seven hundred and twenty Ross 308, 1-d-old male broiler chickes were distributed into 4 dietary groups. Over 35 d of feeding, the average daily gain (ADG) was linearly elevated (P
Open Access
Centre pork chop colour classification using image analysis on the ventral surface of the loin
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-10-02) Wei, Xinyi; Bohrer, Benjamin M; Uttaro, B.; Juárez, Manuel
Image analysis of ventral, anterior, and posterior ends of 550 pork loins was used to classify pale-coloured centre chops. Only the ventral side was strongly correlated (r= 0.79) to the centre chop. Thresholds at 2.5th, 5th, and 7.5th percentiles of ventral surface pale pork were selected to classify centre chop pale pork (5th percentile). At the 7.5th percentile, prediction accuracy of pale (85.7%) and non-pale samples (89.5%) was balanced. Increasing stringency increased accuracy in excluding pale samples while increasing percentage of false positives. This method can be adopted by commercial pork processors as a classification or pre-sorting approach.
Open Access
Inclusion of dietary Quillaja saponin and seaweed on growth efficiency, noxious gas emissions, and fecal score in weaning pigs
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-07-31) Khan, Sharif uddin; Song, Jun Ho; Kim, In Ho
This study aimed to investigate the dietary effects of Quillaja saponin (QS) and seaweed (SW) on growth performance, fecal score, and gas emissions in weaning pigs. A total of 120 twenty-one days old crossbred ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) weaning pigs were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. These dietary treatments consisted of: (1) TRT1: CON (basal diet); (2) TRT2: CON + 200 mg.kg-1 QS; (3) TRT3: CON + 500 mg.kg-1 SW. Pigs were raised in ten replicate pens per treatment (2 males and 2 females/pen) for 5 weeks based on body weight and sex. The inclusion of QS significantly (P
Open Access
Fish oil divergently enriches broiler meat with long chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω-3PUFAs) by modulating the ratio of ω-3 to ω-6 PUFAs without disrupting gut morphology and cardio-pulmonary morphometry
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-09-08) Hossain, Md Emran; Das, Goutam Buddha; Bhowmik, Priunka; Adhikary, Kona; Sultan, Nahid; Islam, Shilpi; Akter, Nasima
A trial was conducted for 35 days to investigate if replacement of soybean oil (SO) for fish oil (FO) influenced average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), final live weight (FLW), feed efficiency (FE), haemato-biochemical indices, carcass traits, cardio-pulmonary morphometry, gut morphology, nutrient digestibility, and fatty acid profile of the broiler chicken. A total of 350, day-old Ross-308 male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design into five dietary treatment groups designated as FO0% (Diet without FO, i.e., 100% SO), FO25% (Diet containing 25% FO + 75% SO), FO50% (Diet containing 50% FO + 50% SO), FO75% (Diet containing 75% FO + 25% SO), and FO100% (Diet containing 100% FO). Each treatment was replicated seven times containing ten birds per replicate. Results indicated that complete replacement of SO for FO increased 4.7% FLW, 12.4% ADFI, 3.9% ADG, 16.2% HDL and 8.6% CP. Although, FO contained 471.1% more ∑LCω-3PUFAs than SO, the FO supplemented breast meat was enriched with net increment of 45.0% ∑LCω-3PUFAs and 81.0% ∑ω-3: ∑ω-6 at the expense of 7.1% FE and 26.8% MDA. Complete replacement of SO for FO did not compromise net profit. Hence, replacement of SO for FO may be commercially plausible.
Open Access
Silybum marianum seed extract as a potential phytogenic feed additive for improving growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-08-21) Hossain, Md Mortuza; Cho, Sung Bo; Kim, In Ho
Silymarin is the flavonoid extracted from Silybum marianum seed. It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties, it and supports liver health. The growth performance parameters, nutrient digestibility, and blood profile in growing pigs fed the dietary Silybum marianum seed extract were analyzed in this study. A total of 196 crossbred growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] were allocated into three dietary groups: CON: basal diet; TRT1: basal diet with 0.05 % Silybum marianum seed extract; TRT2: basal diet with 0.10 % Silybum marianum seed extract. Results showed that pigs fed with Silybum marianum seed extract up to 0.10% increased average daily gain (p
Open Access
Quantification of biogenic amines and adaptation of an index as a quality indicator of rendered pig meals
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-07-24) Contreira, Cristiéle Lange; Corezzolla, Larissa Rossett; Bedendo, Gizelle Cristina; Krabbe, Everton Luis; GOPINGER, EDENILSE; Avila, Valdir Silveira de; Rutz, Fernando
The objective of this study was to quantify biogenic amines and to adapt equations for the calculation of the biogenic amine index in rendered pig carcass meals. Samples of rendered pig carcass meals from three different origins were evaluated: Group 1 – experimentally-produced meal; Group 2 – meal produced in a plant dedicated to rendering pigs dead on the farm due to non-infectious causes; and Group 3 – meal produced in commercial rendering plants. Group 1 meals were produced from sow carcasses that were stored either under environmental temperature (ET – 25 °C) or refrigeration temperature (RT – 6 °C) and their biogenic amine contents were analyzed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of storage. The levels of the biogenic amines phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine and spermine of all meals were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and their biogenic amine indexes calculated. Group 1 meals stored at ET presented higher phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadeverine and tyramine contents compared with those stored at RT after 24 h storage, whereas spermidine and spermine contents decreased after 24 h of storage at ET. The adapted biogenic amine index can be used as a quality indicator of rendered pig carcass meals.
Open Access
Efficacy of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf against strongyle and coccidia infections in sheep
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-07-14) Bagulo, Issah; Ibn Iddriss , Abdul-Rahman; Abubakari, Mohammed; Nsor, Victor Asiedu; Katusime, Joshua
Gastro intestinal parasites are developing resistance to various commercial anthelminthics. Hence, the need to explore the efficacies of herbal plants against gastro-intestinal parasites. The study was therefore conducted to determine the efficacy of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf against strongyles and coccidia spp. in sheep.A total of 60 sheep were used for the study. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. Those in group A, B, C and D were given albendazole (ABZ), 10% aqueous V. amygdalina extract (BL10), 20% aqueous V. amygdalina extract (BL20) and 10ml distilled water (Dw) respectively. All four treatments were given orally, depending on the body weight of the animals, with the exception of the distilled water which was constant (10ml) for each animal. Fecal samples were collected from each sheep and examined using McMaster technique. The data were analyzed using R version 4.2. The study brought to light that the prevalence of strongyles in sheep was 70% in the study area at pre-treatment. BL10 had efficacies of 52.58% and 65.08% against strongyles and coccidia spp. respectively. BL20 produced similar anthelmintic effect against strongyles as albendazole. Strongyle spp. showed resistance against albendazole in the study area.
Open Access
Effect of mixtures of legume species on ruminal fermentation, methane and microbial nitrogen production in batch and continuous culture (RUSITEC) systems
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-06-19) Kelln, Breeanna; Penner, Gregory B.; Acharya, Surya N.; McAllister, Tim A.; McKinnon, John; Saleem, Atef; Biligetu, Bill; Lardner, Herbert A.
The effect of cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) on ruminal fermentation, methane production, and microbial nitrogen synthesis was assessed in two experiments. Experiment 1 analyzed 2 legumes, cicer milkvetch and sainfoin at 2 stages (vegetative and late flower) incubated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) at 5 inclusion rates 0:100; 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (as DM) in batch culture. Experiment 2 analyzed vegetative cicer milkvetch and alfalfa incubated in ratios of 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (as DM) in continuous culture systems (RUSITEC). In batch culture, increased dry matter disappearance (DMD), and propionate percentage (%, total), and reduced methane (mg g-1 DMD) occurred with vegetative cicer milkvetch inclusion. In RUSITEC, DMD linearly increased (P
Open Access
Study of Persistency of lactation and Survival of Iranian Holstein dairy cattle using Random Regression Model
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-07-21) Ashrafian, Ali; Emam Jomeh Kashan, Nasser; Abbasi, Mokhtar-Ali; Sadeghi, Ali Asghar; Rokouei, Mohammad
The aim this paper is to investigate whether characteristics of the first lactation (FL) curve of Iranian Holstein cows is associated with survival. Cows with least 10 Test days of milk production in their FL were used. The persistency of lactation (PL) and survival were estimated using a Random Regression Model by REML with the ECHIDDNA software. We also used the Wood model to parameterize each individual lactation curve and then analyze various curve characteristics using an animal model. The EBV of the characteristics of the lactation curve of the cows from day 40-305 predicted. The EBV of the production range (PR) and the slope of line in increasing phase (m_(40,Peak)) of production curve of sires with higher survival EBV were lower than other sires (p˂0.05). The estimates of LP were independent of survival estimate. Therefore, the PR from 40th day after calving can be considered as a definition of PL. Because the lower the PR, the flatter is the milk production curve. Genetic evaluation of young bulls for survival needs the data of death or culling of their daughters. Therefore, the bulls can genetically be evaluated for survival according to the LP and m_(40,Peak) of FL information of their daughters.
Open Access
The effects of feeding hempseed cake on pancreatic and jejunal digestive enzymatic activity in finishing heifers.
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-05-18) Mia, Md G. K.; Winders, Thomas M.; Serum, Eric M.; Amat, Samat; Neville, Bryan W.; Dahlen, Carl; Smith, David J.; Swanson, Kendall
To evaluate the effects of feeding hempseed cake on digestive enzymes, Angus-crossbred heifers (n=32; 494 ± 10 kg body weight) were fed diets containing either 20% (dry matter basis) dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or 20% hempseed cake for 111 days. There was greater (P = 0.05) pancreatic tissue mass relative to body weight in heifers fed hempseed cake than in heifers fed the distillers grains diet. However, no differences (P ≥ 0.19) in digestive enzyme activity in the pancreas (α-amylase, trypsin, and lipase) and jejunum (maltase, glucoamylase, and isomaltase) were observed between dietary treatments. Our results suggest that feeding hempseed cake did not influence digestive enzyme activity in the small intestine.
Open Access
A survey of broiler breast meat quality in the retail market of Quebec
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-04-18) Sammari, Hajer; Askri, Amani; Benahmed, Sahar; Saucier, Linda; Alnahhas, Nabeel
In this study, 206 breast fillets were purchased from grocery stores in the province of Quebec and evaluated for the presence of different quality defects. Of these fillets, 48.5% showed breast muscle myopathies (BMM), 19.4% showed pale, soft and exudative (PSE), and 6.8% showed dark, firm and dry (DFD) attributes. BMM were equally present (P > 0.05) in fillets of economical, commercial, and high-quality brands while PSE-Like fillets were more present in economical brands (P

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